Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,860 questions · 64,864 findings · 4,913 reviews · Headline outcomes only

Sort:Best matchNewestHighest certainty Download CSV

No studies found 13,869 · 21.4%GRADE not reported 3,491 · 5.4%Very low 16,300 · 25.1%Low 17,338 · 26.7%Moderate 10,900 · 16.8%High 2,966 · 4.6%

Ranked among the 5,000 newest matching findings; add words or filters to narrow the search.

Varenicline vs e‐cigarettes

Neuropsychiatric SAEs · people who continued to smoke tobacco following acute coronary syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 54 participants
GRADE not reported

Varenicline vs e‐cigarettes

Cardiac SAEs · people who continued to smoke tobacco following acute coronary syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 54 participants
GRADE not reported

Varenicline vs placebo or no medication

Cardiac SAEs · people who smoke

Varenicline showed no clear difference in cardiac SAEs (varenicline vs placebo or no medication) compared with placebo or no medication (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.2 [0.79, 1.84]
18 studies · 7151 participants
Low

Cytisine vs placebo or no medication

Smoking abstinence at longest · people who smoke

Cytisine probably leads to higher smoking abstinence at longest compared with placebo or no medication (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.3 [1.15, 1.47]
4 studies · 4623 participants
Moderate

Cytisine vs placebo or no medication

SAEs · people who smoke

Cytisine showed no clear difference in SAEs (cytisine vs placebo or no medication) compared with placebo or no medication (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.04 [0.78, 1.37]
3 studies · 3781 participants
Low

Cytisine vs placebo or no medication

Neuropsychiatric SAEs · people who smoke

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Cytisine vs placebo or no medication

Cardiac SAEs · people who smoke

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Cytisine vs varenicline

Smoking abstinence at longest · people who smoke

Cytisine showed no clear difference in smoking abstinence at longest compared with varenicline (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.79, 1.26]
2 studies · 2131 participants
Low

Blood pressure intervention/intensive blood pressure intervention vs placebo/standard blood pressure intervention

Incidence of retinopathy at 4 to 5 years · type 1 or type 2 diabetics

1 finding from 1 review

Blood pressure control for diabetic retinopathy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 participants
GRADE not reported

Blood pressure intervention/intensive blood pressure intervention vs placebo/standard blood pressure intervention

Progression of retinopathy · type 1 or type 2 diabetics

1 finding from 1 review

Blood pressure control for diabetic retinopathy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 participants
GRADE not reported

Blood pressure intervention/intensive blood pressure intervention vs placebo/standard blood pressure intervention

Combined incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy by 5 years · type 1 or type 2 diabetics

1 finding from 1 review

Blood pressure control for diabetic retinopathy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 participants
GRADE not reported

Blood pressure intervention/intensive blood pressure intervention vs placebo/standard blood pressure intervention

Incidence of PDR/CSME/VH by 5 years · type 1 or type 2 diabetics

1 finding from 1 review

Blood pressure control for diabetic retinopathy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 participants
GRADE not reported

Blood pressure intervention/intensive blood pressure intervention vs placebo/standard blood pressure intervention

Change in visual loss associated with PSR: visual loss is defined by the deterioration of visual acuity of 3 lines or more with the Snellen chart · type 1 or type 2 diabetics

It is very uncertain whether blood pressure intervention/intensive blood pressure intervention changes visual acuity (loss of 3 lines or more) by 5 years compared with placebo/standard blood pressure intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Blood pressure control for diabetic retinopathy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.15 [0.63, 2.08]
2 studies · 2326 participants
Very low

Blood pressure intervention/intensive blood pressure intervention vs placebo/standard blood pressure intervention

Adverse events—all‐cause mortality · type 1 or type 2 diabetics

1 finding from 1 review

Blood pressure control for diabetic retinopathy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 participants
GRADE not reported

Blood pressure intervention/intensive blood pressure intervention vs placebo/standard blood pressure intervention

Adverse events: hypotension · type 1 or type 2 diabetics

Blood pressure intervention/intensive blood pressure intervention may leads to higher adverse events—hypotension compared with placebo/standard blood pressure intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Blood pressure control for diabetic retinopathy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.04 [1.63, 2.55]
2 studies · 3323 participants
Low

Medical/surgical masks vs no masks

Viral respiratory illness ‐ influenza/COVID‐like illness · general population

Medical/surgical masks showed no clear difference in viral respiratory illness ‐ influenza/COVID‐like illness compared with no masks (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.95 [0.84, 1.09]
9 studies · 276917 participants
Moderate

Hand hygiene vs control

Influenza assessed by laboratory confirmation · general population and healthcare workers

Hand hygiene showed no clear difference in laboratory‐confirmed influenza compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.91 [0.63, 1.3]
8 studies · 8332 participants
Low

Hand hygiene vs control

Composite of acute respiratory illness, influenza‐like illness, laboratory‐confirmed influenza · general population and healthcare workers

Hand hygiene may leads to lower composite of acute respiratory illness, influenza‐like illness,… compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.89 [0.83, 0.94]
19 studies · 71210 participants
Low

Hand hygiene vs control

Adverse events · general population and healthcare workers

1 finding from 1 review

Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 2 participants
Very low

Medical/surgical masks vs no masks

Viral respiratory illness ‐ laboratory‐confirmed influenza/SARS‐CoV‐2 · general population

Medical/surgical masks showed no clear difference in viral respiratory illness ‐ laboratory‐confirmed influenza/SARS‐CoV‐2 compared with no masks (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.01 [0.72, 1.42]
6 studies · 13919 participants
Moderate