What do systematic reviews say?

Tadalafil vs Placebo or no active treatment

Tadalafil showed no clear difference in fetal mortality compared with placebo or no therapy (low certainty).

• Interventions affecting the nitric oxide pathway versus placebo or no therapy for fetal growth restriction in pregnancy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.11 [0.01, 1.96]
  1 study · 87 participants
  Low

Tadalafil vs Placebo or no active treatment

Tadalafil showed no clear difference in neonatal mortality compared with placebo or no therapy (low certainty).

• Interventions affecting the nitric oxide pathway versus placebo or no therapy for fetal growth restriction in pregnancy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.89 [0.06, 13.7]
  1 study · 83 participants
  Low

Nitroglycerin vs Placebo or no active treatment

• Interventions affecting the nitric oxide pathway versus placebo or no therapy for fetal growth restriction in pregnancy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 23 participants
  Low

Nitroglycerin vs Placebo or no active treatment

• Interventions affecting the nitric oxide pathway versus placebo or no therapy for fetal growth restriction in pregnancy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 23 participants
  Low

Nitroglycerin vs Placebo or no active treatment

• Interventions affecting the nitric oxide pathway versus placebo or no therapy for fetal growth restriction in pregnancy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 23 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Breastfeeding support only vs usual care

Summary of findings table ‐ Breastfeeding support only probably leads to lower stopping breastfeeding (any) at 6 months compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

• Support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.93 [0.89, 0.97]
  30 studies · 14610 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Breastfeeding support only vs usual care

Summary of findings table ‐ Breastfeeding support only showed no clear difference in stopping breastfeeding at 12 months compared with usual care (low certainty).

• Support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.95 [0.9, 1]
  2 studies · 1311 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Support plus vs usual care

Summary of findings table ‐ Support plus probably leads to lower stopping breastfeeding (any) at 6 months compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

• Support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.94 [0.91, 0.97]
  11 studies · 4879 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Support plus vs usual care

Summary of findings table ‐ Support plus may leads to lower stopping exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months compared with usual care (low certainty).

• Support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.79 [0.7, 0.9]
  13 studies · 7650 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Support plus vs usual care

Summary of findings table ‐ Support plus showed no clear difference in stopping breastfeeding (any) at 4‐6 weeks compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

• Support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.94 [0.82, 1.08]
  6 studies · 2325 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Support plus vs usual care

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Support plus changes stopping exclusive breastfeeding at 4‐6 weeks compared with usual care (very low certainty).

• Support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.73 [0.57, 0.95]
  6 studies · 2402 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Support plus vs usual care

Summary of findings table ‐ Support plus showed no clear difference in stopping breastfeeding (any) at 2 months compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

• Support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.92 [0.79, 1.07]
  4 studies · 2089 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Support plus vs usual care

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Support plus changes stopping exclusive breastfeeding at 2 months compared with usual care (very low certainty).

• Support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.9 [0.78, 1.03]
  9 studies · 4537 participants
  Very low
• Support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.86 [0.75, 1]
  10 studies · 4766 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Support plus vs usual care

Summary of findings table ‐ Support plus showed no clear difference in stopping breastfeeding (any) at 3‐4 months compared with usual care (low certainty).

• Support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.97 [0.81, 1.15]
  5 studies · 2064 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Support plus vs usual care

Summary of findings table ‐ Support plus showed no clear difference in stopping breastfeeding (any) at 12 months compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

• Support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.96 [0.91, 1]
  2 studies · 1431 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Breastfeeding support only vs usual care

Summary of findings table ‐ Breastfeeding support only probably leads to lower stopping exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

• Support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.9 [0.88, 0.93]
  40 studies · 16332 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Support plus vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Breastfeeding support only vs usual care

Summary of findings table ‐ Breastfeeding support only probably leads to lower stopping breastfeeding (any) at 4‐6 weeks compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

• Support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.88 [0.79, 0.97]
  36 studies · 11413 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Breastfeeding support only vs usual care

Summary of findings table ‐ Breastfeeding support only probably leads to lower stopping exclusive breastfeeding at 4‐6 weeks compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

• Support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.83 [0.76, 0.9]
  42 studies · 14544 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Breastfeeding support only vs usual care

Summary of findings table ‐ Breastfeeding support only showed no clear difference in stopping breastfeeding (any) at 2 months compared with usual care (low certainty).

• Support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.93 [0.77, 1.11]
  13 studies · 3169 participants
  Low