Exacerbation frequency · people with bronchiectasis
14 days on/off antibiotic regimen probably leads to lower exacerbation frequency compared with 14 days on/off placebo regimen (moderate certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
RR 0.75 [0.61, 0.93]
Studies not reported
Moderate
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate
Serious adverse events · people with bronchiectasis
28 days on/off antibiotic regimen showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with 28 days on/off placebo regimen (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 1 [0.68, 1.46]
Studies not reported
Low
Antibiotic resistance · people with bronchiectasis
28 days on/off antibiotic regimen leads to higher antibiotic resistance compared with 28 days on/off placebo regimen (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 2.2 [1.42, 3.42]
Studies not reported
High
Pulmonary exacerbations: number of hospitalisations due to respiratory exacerbations · people with bronchiectasis
28 days on/off antibiotic regimen showed no clear difference in hospitalisation for pulmonary exacerbations compared with 28 days on/off placebo regimen (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 0.79 [0.49, 1.29]
Studies not reported
High
Health‐related quality of life · people with bronchiectasis
2 findings from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low
Exacerbation frequency · people with bronchiectasis
14 days on/off antibiotic regimen showed no clear difference in exacerbation frequency compared with 28 days on/off antibiotic regimen (moderate certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
RR 1.02 [0.84, 1.24]
Studies not reported
Moderate
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Serious adverse events · people with bronchiectasis
14 days on/off antibiotic regimen showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with 28 days on/off antibiotic regimen (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 0.83 [0.37, 1.86]
Studies not reported
Moderate
Antibiotic resistance · people with bronchiectasis
14 days on/off antibiotic regimen showed no clear difference in antibiotic resistance compared with 28 days on/off antibiotic regimen (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 1 [0.68, 1.48]
Studies not reported
Moderate
Frequency of hospital admissions for pulmonary exacerbations ‐ not measured · people with bronchiectasis
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Health‐related quality of life · people with bronchiectasis
2 findings from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
High
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
High
Serious adverse events · people with bronchiectasis
14 days on/off antibiotic regimen showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with 14 days on/off placebo regimen (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 0.92 [0.63, 1.33]
Studies not reported
High
Antibiotic resistance · people with bronchiectasis
14 days on/off antibiotic regimen leads to higher antibiotic resistance compared with 14 days on/off placebo regimen (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 2.14 [1.36, 3.35]
Studies not reported
High
Frequency of hospital admissions for pulmonary exacerbations ‐ not measured · people with bronchiectasis
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Health‐related quality of life · people with bronchiectasis
2 findings from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
High
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate
Exacerbation frequency · people with bronchiectasis
28 days on/off antibiotic regimen showed no clear difference in exacerbation frequency compared with 28 days on/off placebo regimen (high certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
RR 0.92 [0.82, 1.02]
Studies not reported
High
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low
Participants with no exacerbations in study period · adults with chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Summary of findings table ‐ immunostimulant probably leads to higher number of participants with no exacerbations during the study period compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Mortality (all‐cause) · adults with chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Summary of findings table ‐ immunostimulant showed no clear difference in mortality (all‐cause) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Respiratory‐related mortality · adults with chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Summary of findings table ‐ immunostimulant showed no clear difference in mortality (respiratory‐related) compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Quality of life · adults with chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1 finding from 1 review
Number of participants requiring antibiotics · adults with chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Summary of findings table ‐ immunostimulant probably leads to lower number of participants requiring antibiotics compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review