SEMS probably leads to lower all major adverse effects compared with plastic tube (main analysis) (moderate certainty).
SEMS showed no clear difference in persistent or recurrent dysphagia compared with laser (high certainty).
SEMS leads to lower interventions for recurrent dysphagia compared with laser (high certainty).
SEMS showed no clear difference in adverse effects ‐ All adverse effects compared with laser (moderate certainty).
Laser showed no clear difference in dysphagia improvement compared with plastic tube (moderate certainty).
Laser showed no clear difference in recurrent dysphagia compared with plastic tube (high certainty).
Epinephrine probably leads to lower recurrent and persistent bleeding overall rates with or without… compared with epinephrine and any second endoscopic method (moderate certainty).
Epinephrine probably leads to lower surgery rate Number requiring emergency surgery compared with epinephrine and any second endoscopic method (moderate certainty).
Epinephrine probably leads to lower mortality rate Number of deaths (30‐day mortality or in‐hospital… compared with epinephrine and any second endoscopic method (moderate certainty).
Epinephrine probably leads to higher adverse effects of endoscopy therapy Adverse effects compared with epinephrine and any second endoscopic method (moderate certainty).
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes relapse rate at one year (all studies) (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes relapse rate at one year (sensitivity analysis of Belluzi 1996) (very low certainty).
The intervention showed no clear difference in relapse rate at one year (only EPIC studies) (moderate certainty).
The intervention probably leads to higher adverse events rate‐Diarrhea (moderate certainty).
The intervention probably leads to higher adverse events rate‐ Upper GI (nausea, vomiting, halitosis,… (moderate certainty).
Methotrexate showed no clear difference in remission and complete withdrawal from steroids compared with placebo (low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether methotrexate changes proportion of patients achieved clinical remission compared with 6‐mercaptopurine (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether methotrexate changes proportion of patients achieved clinical remission compared with 5‐aminosalicylic acid (5‐ASA) (very low certainty).
Tranexamic acid probably leads to lower mortality Clinical compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
Tranexamic acid may leads to lower rebleeding Clinical and endoscopic assessment compared with placebo (low certainty).