Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,510 questions · 2,653 findings · 194 reviews · Gynaecology and Fertility

No studies found 531 · 20%GRADE not reported 76 · 2.9%Very low 826 · 31.1%Low 855 · 32.2%Moderate 341 · 12.9%High 24 · 0.9%

Intranasal beta‐estradiol vs placebo

Adverse effects Intranasal beta‐estradiol 0.021 mg/day, 0.029 mg/day or 0.040 mg/day · women with hot flushes

Intranasal beta‐estradiol probably leads to higher adverse effects Intranasal beta‐estradiol 0.021 mg/day, 0.029 mg/day… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review