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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,811 questions · 70,850 findings · 5,139 reviews

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No studies found 15,174 · 21.4%GRADE not reported 6,479 · 9.1%Very low 17,330 · 24.5%Low 17,814 · 25.1%Moderate 11,056 · 15.6%High 2,997 · 4.2%

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Antibiotics vs placebo or no intervention

All‐cause mortality · farmworkers, soldiers, and people in endemic areas

Summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs other antibiotics

Clinical diagnosis of leptospirosis regardless of laboratory confirmation · farmworkers

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics changes clinical diagnosis of leptospirosis regardless of laboratory… compared with other antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs other antibiotics

Laboratory‐confirmed leptospirosis · farmworkers

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics changes clinical diagnosis of leptospirosis confirmed by laboratory diagnosis compared with other antibiotics (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Antibiotics vs other antibiotics

Non‐serious adverse events · farmworkers

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics changes non‐serious adverse events compared with other antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs placebo or no intervention

Laboratory‐confirmed leptospirosis · farmworkers, soldiers, and people in endemic areas

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics changes laboratory‐confirmed leptospirosis compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs placebo or no intervention

Clinical diagnosis of infection regardless of laboratory confirmed · farmworkers, soldiers, and people in endemic areas

Summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics showed no clear difference in clinical diagnosis of infection regardless of laboratory confirmed compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs placebo or no intervention

Clinical diagnosis confirmed by laboratory diagnosis · farmworkers, soldiers, and people in endemic areas

Summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics showed no clear difference in clinical diagnosis confirmed by laboratory diagnosis compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs placebo or no intervention

Non‐serious adverse events · farmworkers, soldiers, and people in endemic areas

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics changes non‐serious adverse events compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs placebo or no intervention

All‐cause mortality · people with leptospirosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics changes all‐cause mortality compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs other antibiotics

Adverse events considered non‐serious (penicillin versus cefotaxime) · people with leptospirosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics changes adverse events considered non‐serious (penicillin versus cefotaxime) compared with other antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs other antibiotics

Adverse events considered non‐serious (penicillin versus doxycycline) · people with leptospirosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics changes adverse events considered non‐serious (penicillin versus doxycycline) compared with other antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs other antibiotics

Non‐serious adverse events Maximum · people with leptospirosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics changes adverse events considered non‐serious (penicillin versus… compared with other antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs placebo or no intervention

Adverse events considered non‐serious · people with leptospirosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics changes adverse events considered non‐serious compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs other antibiotics

All‐cause mortality (penicillin versus a cephalosporin (cefotaxime or ceftriaxone)) · people with leptospirosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics changes all‐cause mortality (penicillin versus a cephalosporin (cefotaxime… compared with other antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review