Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,444 questions · 1,518 findings · 135 reviews · Infectious Diseases

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No studies found 135 · 8.9%GRADE not reported 150 · 9.9%Very low 350 · 23.1%Low 420 · 27.7%Moderate 321 · 21.1%High 142 · 9.4%

Intervention not reported

Index test: pharmacy records or secondary database All participants ≥95% adherence threshold Any viral load threshold

1 finding from 1 review

Accuracy of measures for antiretroviral adherence in people living with HIV 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 2254 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Index test: electronic monitoring All participants ≥ 95% adherence threshold Any viral load threshold

1 finding from 1 review

Accuracy of measures for antiretroviral adherence in people living with HIV 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 186 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Index test: composite measure All participants Different thresholds* Any viral load threshold

1 finding from 1 review

Accuracy of measures for antiretroviral adherence in people living with HIV 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
9 studies · 1513 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Specimen · children with presumed pulmonary tuberculosis Index tests: Xpert Ultra Role: an initial test Threshold for index tests: an automated…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay for tuberculosis disease and rifampicin resistance in children 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Sputum · children with presumed pulmonary tuberculosis Index tests: Xpert Ultra Role: an initial test Threshold for index tests: an automated…

1 finding from 1 review

Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay for tuberculosis disease and rifampicin resistance in children 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 127 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Gastric aspirate · children with presumed pulmonary tuberculosis Index tests: Xpert Ultra Role: an initial test Threshold for index tests: an automated…

1 finding from 1 review

Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay for tuberculosis disease and rifampicin resistance in children 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 120 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Stool · children with presumed pulmonary tuberculosis Index tests: Xpert Ultra Role: an initial test Threshold for index tests: an automated…

1 finding from 1 review

Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay for tuberculosis disease and rifampicin resistance in children 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 200 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Nasopharyngeal aspirate · children with presumed pulmonary tuberculosis Index tests: Xpert Ultra Role: an initial test Threshold for index tests: an automated…

1 finding from 1 review

Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay for tuberculosis disease and rifampicin resistance in children 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 46 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Specimen · children with presumed pulmonary tuberculosis Index tests: Xpert Ultra Role: an initial test Threshold for index tests: an automated…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay for tuberculosis disease and rifampicin resistance in children 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

All specimens · children with presumed pulmonary tuberculosis Index tests: Xpert Ultra Role: an initial test Threshold for index tests: an automated…

1 finding from 1 review

Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay for tuberculosis disease and rifampicin resistance in children 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 3 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Malaria parasite prevalence · children and adults at risk of malaria

The intervention probably leads to lower malaria parasite prevalence (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

House modifications for preventing malaria 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.68 [0.57, 0.82]
5 studies · 5183 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Anaemia prevalence · children and adults at risk of malaria

The intervention leads to lower anaemia prevalence (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

House modifications for preventing malaria 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.7 [0.55, 0.89]
3 studies · 3643 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Clinical malaria incidence · children and adults at risk of malaria

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes clinical malaria incidence (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

House modifications for preventing malaria 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
rate ratio 1.68
3 studies · 3365 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Indoor adult mosquito density · children and adults at risk of malaria

The intervention showed no clear difference in indoor adult mosquito density (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

House modifications for preventing malaria 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
Rate ratio 0.63 [0.3, 1.3]
4 studies · 9894 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Test result · people with presumptive pulmonary tuberculosisRole: an initial testIndex test: Xpert MTB/XDRThreshold for index test: an automated result…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Xpert MTB/XDR for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis and resistance to isoniazid, fluoroquinolones, ethionamide, and… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

False positivespeople incorrectly classified as having isoniazid resistance · adults with pulmonary tuberculosis irrespective of rifampicin resistance (i.e. whether or not their rifampicin resistance status was…

1 finding from 1 review

Xpert MTB/XDR for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis and resistance to isoniazid, fluoroquinolones, ethionamide, and… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 327 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Test result · adults with pulmonary tuberculosis irrespective of rifampicin resistance (i.e. whether or not their rifampicin resistance status was…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Xpert MTB/XDR for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis and resistance to isoniazid, fluoroquinolones, ethionamide, and… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

True positivespeople with fluoroquinolone resistance · adults with pulmonary tuberculosis irrespective of rifampicin resistance (i.e. whether or not their rifampicin resistance status was…

1 finding from 1 review

Xpert MTB/XDR for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis and resistance to isoniazid, fluoroquinolones, ethionamide, and… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 381 participants
High

Intervention not reported

False negativespeople incorrectly classified as not having fluoroquinolone resistance · adults with pulmonary tuberculosis irrespective of rifampicin resistance (i.e. whether or not their rifampicin resistance status was…

1 finding from 1 review

Xpert MTB/XDR for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis and resistance to isoniazid, fluoroquinolones, ethionamide, and… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 381 participants
High

Intervention not reported

True negativespeople without fluoroquinolone resistance · adults with pulmonary tuberculosis irrespective of rifampicin resistance (i.e. whether or not their rifampicin resistance status was…

1 finding from 1 review

Xpert MTB/XDR for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis and resistance to isoniazid, fluoroquinolones, ethionamide, and… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 640 participants
Moderate