What do systematic reviews say?

Music therapy vs placebo or usual care

• Music therapy for autistic people 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 340 participants
  Moderate

Brief admission to psychiatric hospital by self‐referral plus treatment as usual vs treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Crisis interventions for adults with borderline personality disorder 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Joint crisis plan plus treatment as usual vs treatment

• Crisis interventions for adults with borderline personality disorder 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 72 participants
  Very low

De‐escalation vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• De‐escalation techniques for managing non‐psychosis induced aggression in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings: Trihexyphenidyl vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Trihexyphenidyl for dystonia in cerebral palsy 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Positive behavioural support vs treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Behavioural and cognitive‐behavioural interventions for outwardly directed aggressive behaviour in people with… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Meditation based on mindfulness vs treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Behavioural and cognitive‐behavioural interventions for outwardly directed aggressive behaviour in people with… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Mindfulness based on positive behaviour support vs positive behaviour support

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Behavioural and cognitive‐behavioural interventions for outwardly directed aggressive behaviour in people with… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Methylphenidate vs placebo or no intervention

It is very uncertain whether methylphenidate changes quality of life (parent‐rated) compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

• Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  SMD 0.4
  4 studies · 608 participants
  Very low

Mechanically assisted walking training without body weight support vs the same dose of overground walking training

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Mechanically assisted walking training for walking, participation, and quality of life in children with cerebral palsy 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Mechanically assisted walking training with body weight support vs the same dose of overground walking training

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Mechanically assisted walking training for walking, participation, and quality of life in children with cerebral palsy 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Mechanically assisted walking training without body weight support vs no walking training

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Mechanically assisted walking training for walking, participation, and quality of life in children with cerebral palsy 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Sleep positioning systems for children with cerebral palsy 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

CBT vs anxiety management

• Behavioural and cognitive behavioural therapy for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) in individuals with autism… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 34 participants
  Low

Summary of findings: Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) vs treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Communication interventions for autism spectrum disorder in minimally verbal children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings: focused playtime intervention vs treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Communication interventions for autism spectrum disorder in minimally verbal children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Extended‐release methylphenidate vs placebo

• Extended‐release methylphenidate for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 1888 participants
  Very low

Dietary interventions vs placebo or other interventions

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Dietary modifications for infantile colic 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of Findings Table ‐ The Lidcombe Program vs waiting list control

• Non‐pharmacological interventions for stuttering in children six years and younger 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Summary of findings table ‐ Anger management vs waiting list control

• Behavioural and cognitive‐behavioural interventions for outwardly directed aggressive behaviour in people with… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 129 participants
  Very low