What do systematic reviews say?

Higher parental / maternal education vs Lower parental education (reference)

Higher parental education is associated with better OHRQoL in adolescents (narrative synthesis; no pooled estimate or GRADE rating).

• Oral-health-related quality of life in adolescents: umbrella review. 2023 All outcomes

  Community/school/clinic settings; adolescents 10-19 years; included reviews conducted in multiple countries
  Adolescents from families with higher incomes and higher levels of maternal education have better OHRQoL scores [34]. Children from families with high income, parental education and family economy had better OHRQoL [42].
  Studies not reported
  GRADE not reported

Malocclusion vs Absence/lower severity of malocclusion

Malocclusion is associated with worse oral health-related quality of life in adolescents (narrative synthesis; no pooled estimate or GRADE rating).

• Oral-health-related quality of life in adolescents: umbrella review. 2023 All outcomes

  Community/school/clinic settings; adolescents 10-19 years; included reviews conducted in multiple countries
  The studies who avaliate occlusal disorders, concluded that this pathology have a negative impact on OHRQoL in adolescents.
  Studies not reported
  GRADE not reported

Favorable family structure (being an only child; nuclear family) vs Having siblings / non-nuclear family structure

Being an only child and growing up in a nuclear family are associated with better OHRQoL in adolescents (narrative synthesis; no pooled estimate or GRADE rating).

• Oral-health-related quality of life in adolescents: umbrella review. 2023 All outcomes

  Community/school/clinic settings; adolescents 10-19 years; included reviews conducted in multiple countries
  Being an only child, growing up in your nuclear family or family structure, household conditions, and number of people per household and maternal age are predictors of better OHRQoL [43].
  Studies not reported
  GRADE not reported

Treatment of traumatic dental injury vs Untreated dental trauma

Treating traumatic dental injuries reduces their negative impact on OHRQoL in adolescents (narrative synthesis; included review reports low certainty; no pooled estimate or GRADE rating by the umbrella review).

• Oral-health-related quality of life in adolescents: umbrella review. 2023 All outcomes

  Community/school/clinic settings; adolescents 10-19 years; included reviews conducted in multiple countries
  Treatment of TDI reduces the negative impact on OHRQoL in adolescents, based on parental perception [33]. Treatment of traumatic dental injuries reduces the impact on the OHRQoL with low evidence [46].
  Studies not reported
  GRADE not reported

Toothache vs No dental pain

Toothache/dental pain is associated with worse OHRQoL in adolescents (narrative synthesis; no pooled estimate or GRADE rating).

• Oral-health-related quality of life in adolescents: umbrella review. 2023 All outcomes

  Community/school/clinic settings; adolescents 10-19 years; included reviews conducted in multiple countries
  Toothache, DMT and tooth loss have a high impact on OHRQoL in adolescentes [26]. There is low evidence that dental pain has a negative impact on OHRQoL [37].
  Studies not reported
  GRADE not reported

Access to dental care / health services vs No / limited access to dental care

Access to dental care is associated with better OHRQoL in adolescents (narrative synthesis; no pooled estimate or GRADE rating).

• Oral-health-related quality of life in adolescents: umbrella review. 2023 All outcomes

  Community/school/clinic settings; adolescents 10-19 years; included reviews conducted in multiple countries
  having parents who can provide dental care and safe housing are positive predictors for OHRQoL. access to dental care and the performance of health promotion programs are directly proportional to OHRQoL in adolescents.
  Studies not reported
  GRADE not reported

Skin color / ethnicity vs Reference skin color / ethnicity

There is no concrete evidence on the impact of skin color/ethnicity on OHRQoL in adolescents (evidence gap; narrative synthesis; no pooled estimate or GRADE rating).

• Oral-health-related quality of life in adolescents: umbrella review. 2023 All outcomes

  Community/school/clinic settings; adolescents 10-19 years; included reviews conducted in multiple countries
  Biological data such as skin color and age have no concrete evidence about this impact in the OHRQoL. Important aspects like gender and skin color did not have their level of impact clarified.
  Studies not reported
  GRADE not reported

Summary of findings: anti‐pseudomonal antibiotics vs placebo

• Inhaled anti‐pseudomonal antibiotics for long‐term therapy in cystic fibrosis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 245 participants
  Low

Summary of Findings Table ‐ Chronic non‐invasive ventilation vs standard treatment following a severe exacerbation

• Chronic non‐invasive ventilation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 219 participants
  Very low
• Chronic non‐invasive ventilation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 164 participants
  Very low

Summary of Findings Table ‐ Chronic non‐invasive ventilation vs usual care

• Chronic non‐invasive ventilation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 259 participants
  Very low
• Chronic non‐invasive ventilation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 200 participants
  Very low

Antenatal pelvic floor muscle training vs control

• Pelvic floor muscle training for preventing and treating urinary and faecal incontinence in antenatal and postnatal… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Postnatal pelvic floor muscle training vs control

• Pelvic floor muscle training for preventing and treating urinary and faecal incontinence in antenatal and postnatal… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Antenatal pelvic floor muscle training vs control

• Pelvic floor muscle training for preventing and treating urinary and faecal incontinence in antenatal and postnatal… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Positional therapy vs inactive control

• Positional therapy for obstructive sleep apnoea 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 86 participants
  Moderate

Positional therapy vs continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

• Positional therapy for obstructive sleep apnoea 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 20 participants
  Low

Aspirin plus antipsychotics vs placebo/no adjunctive treatment + antipsychotics

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) for schizophrenia 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) vs Children and adolescents without JIA (healthy peers)

Evidence on OHRQoL was limited: one study found no significant difference between groups while another found orofacial symptoms affected daily life more in JIA; no pooled estimate (ungraded).

• Oral health in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis - a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2019 All outcomes

  Brazil (Santos 2015) and Sweden (Leksell 2012)
  Santos et al. [29] found oral health status had little or no effect on well-being with no significant difference between JIA and healthy groups (SF:13-B-PCPQ); Leksell et al. [38] found orofacial symptoms influenced…
  2 studies · 111 participants
  GRADE not reported

Mirtazapine adjunct vs placebo adjunct

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Mirtazapine adjunct for people with schizophrenia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

• Cognitive rehabilitation for memory deficits after stroke 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 134 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Cognitive rehabilitation for memory deficits after stroke 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 141 participants
  Moderate