What do systematic reviews say?

Summary of findings table ‐ Adjunctive therapies in addition to land‐based exercise therapy vs placebo adjunctive therapies

• Adjunctive therapies in addition to land‐based exercise therapy for osteoarthritis of the hip or knee 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  20 studies · 1361 participants
  Low

Tramadol vs paracetamol

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Tramadol for osteoarthritis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Tramadol vs NSAIDs

• Tramadol for osteoarthritis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 952 participants
  Low

Tramadol vs other opioids

Tramadol alone probably leads to higher physical function compared with other opioids (moderate certainty).

• Tramadol for osteoarthritis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.32 [1.04, 1.68]
  1 study · 190 participants
  Moderate

Tramadol vs placebo

• Tramadol for osteoarthritis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 2550 participants
  Moderate

Tramadol in combination with acetaminophen vs NSAIDs

• Tramadol for osteoarthritis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 91 participants
  Low

Tramadol in combination with acetaminophen vs other opioids

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Tramadol for osteoarthritis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Tramadol in combination with acetaminophen vs placebo

• Tramadol for osteoarthritis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 614 participants
  Moderate

Exercise vs no intervention

• Exercise programmes for ankylosing spondylitis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 312 participants
  Moderate

Exercise vs usual care

• Exercise programmes for ankylosing spondylitis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 1068 participants
  Moderate

Flexibility exercise training vs aerobic exercise training

• Flexibility exercise training for adults with fibromyalgia 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 60 participants
  Very low

Celecoxib vs placebo

• Celecoxib for osteoarthritis 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 1622 participants
  High

Celecoxib vs tNSAIDs

• Celecoxib for osteoarthritis 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 264 participants
  Moderate

Whole body vibration plus mixed exercise vs control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Whole body vibration exercise training for fibromyalgia 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Whole body vibration vs control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Whole body vibration exercise training for fibromyalgia 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

• Exercise for osteoarthritis of the hip 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  9 studies · 521 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

• Exercise for osteoarthritis of the hip 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 365 participants
  High

Acupuncture vs medication

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Acupuncture for treating fibromyalgia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Acupuncture vs non‐acupuncture

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Acupuncture for treating fibromyalgia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

MAOIs vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) for fibromyalgia syndrome 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found