What do systematic reviews say?

Summary of findings table ‐ Calaspargase (11 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) vs PEG‐asparaginase (16 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV)

• PEG‐asparaginase treatment regimens for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 239 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐risk with additional PEG‐asp (6 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) vs low‐risk standard (2 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV)

Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐risk with additional PEG‐asp (6… showed no clear difference in overall survival compared with low‐risk standard (2 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) (moderate certainty).

• PEG‐asparaginase treatment regimens for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.99 [0.98, 1]
  1 study · 1857 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Extracorporeal photopheresis versus standard treatment for acute graft‐versus‐host disease after haematopoietic stem… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

• Extracorporeal photopheresis versus alternative treatment for chronic graft‐versus‐host disease after haematopoietic… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

High‐dose chemotherapy followed by autologous haematopoietic cell transplantation vs conventional chemotherapy plus whole lung irradiation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• High‐dose chemotherapy followed by autologous haematopoietic cell transplantation for children, adolescents, and young… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Hyperfractionated radiotherapy vs radiotherapy

Hyperfractionated radiotherapy showed no clear difference in overall survival compared with conventional radiotherapy (low certainty).

• Radiotherapy for diffuse brainstem glioma in children and young adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.07 [0.75, 1.53]
  1 study · 130 participants
  Low

Hypofractionated radiotherapy vs radiotherapy

Hypofractionated radiotherapy showed no clear difference in overall survival compared with conventional radiotherapy (moderate certainty).

• Radiotherapy for diffuse brainstem glioma in children and young adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.03 [0.53, 2.01]
  1 study · 71 participants
  Moderate

Rapid COJEC vs standard induction therapies

Rapid COJEC showed no clear difference in overall survival compared with standard induction therapies (low certainty).

• Rapid COJEC versus standard induction therapies for high‐risk neuroblastoma 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.83 [0.63, 1.1]
  1 study · 262 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Intermittent PEG‐asparaginase treatment (8 doses, 1000 IU/m2, IM) vs continuous PEG‐asparaginase treatment (15 doses, 1000 IU/m2, IM)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• PEG‐asparaginase treatment regimens for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Continuous platinum infusion vs bolus platinum infusion

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Different infusion durations for preventing platinum‐induced hearing loss in children with cancer 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Dinutuximab‐containing immunotherapy vs usual care

Dinutuximab‐containing immunotherapy probably leads to lower overall survival (reported as mortality) compared with standard therapy (moderate certainty).

• Anti‐GD2 antibody‐containing immunotherapy postconsolidation therapy for people with high‐risk neuroblastoma treated… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.5 [0.31, 0.8]
  1 study · 226 participants
  Moderate

Retinoic acid post‐consolidation therapy vs no further treatment

Retinoic acid postconsolidation therapy showed no clear difference in overall survival (reported as mortality) compared with no further treatment (low certainty).

• Retinoic acid postconsolidation therapy for high‐risk neuroblastoma patients treated with autologous haematopoietic… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.87 [0.46, 1.63]
  1 study · 98 participants
  Low

Amifostine vs no otoprotective intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Medical interventions for the prevention of platinum‐induced hearing loss in children with cancer 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Dexrazoxane vs no cardioprotective intervention or placebo

Dexrazoxane showed no clear difference in overall survival (Illustrative comparative risks reported as number… compared with no cardioprotective intervention or placebo (moderate certainty).

• Dexrazoxane for preventing or reducing cardiotoxicity in adults and children with cancer receiving anthracyclines 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.04 [0.88, 1.23]
  4 studies · 4 participants
  Moderate

Sodium thiosulfate vs no otoprotective intervention

Sodium thiosulfate showed no clear difference in overall survival with intravenous platinum (i.e. mortality/number of… compared with no otoprotective intervention (low certainty).

• Medical interventions for the prevention of platinum‐induced hearing loss in children with cancer 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.43 [0.03, 5.85]
  1 study · 109 participants
  Low