Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,918 questions · 5,537 findings · 1,803 reviews

No studies found 1,309 · 23.6%GRADE not reported 440 · 7.9%Very low 1,560 · 28.2%Low 1,292 · 23.3%Moderate 751 · 13.6%High 185 · 3.3%

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Chemical peeling vs placebo or no treatment

Serious or severe adverse events N of participants with positive severe adverse events · people with acne scars

It is very uncertain whether chemical peeling changes serious or severe adverse events N of participants with positive… compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chemical peeling vs combined chemical peeling plus any active intervention

Participant‐assessed adverse events (short‐term) N of participants with adverse events · people with acne scars

It is very uncertain whether chemical peeling changes participant‐assessed adverse events (short‐term) N of participants… compared with combined chemical peeling plus any active intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nicotine EC vs non‐nicotine EC

Serious adverse events at 1 week to 1 year Assessed via self‐report and medical records · People who smoke cigarettes

Nicotine EC showed no clear difference in serious adverse events at 1 week to 1 year Assessed via self‐report… compared with non‐nicotine EC (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Zinc vs placebo

Risk of adverse events, including those that may be due to zinc supplements Duration of · adults and children with colds and/or upper respiratory infections
1 finding from 1 review

Intrathecal injected nusinersen vs sham

Severe adverse events attributable to treatment Measured as severe adverse events (all) · infants with SMA and 2 SMN2 copies

Intrathecal injected nusinersen probably leads to lower severe adverse events attributable to treatment Measured as severe… compared with sham procedure (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chemical peeling vs needling

Investigator‐assessed adverse events (short‐term) · people with acne scars

Chemical peeling showed no clear difference in investigator‐assessed adverse events (short‐term) N of participants… compared with needling (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nicotine EC vs NRT

Serious adverse events at 4 weeks to 1 year Assessed via self‐report and medical records · people who smoke

Nicotine EC showed no clear difference in serious adverse events at 4 weeks to 1 year Assessed via self‐report… compared with NRT (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics vs antipsychotics

Risk for at least one adverse event per patient · schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics changes adverse events ‐ Participants with at least one AE (separated time… compared with antipsychotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics vs CBT plus antipsychotics

Risk for at least one adverse event per patient · schizophrenia

Summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics may leads to lower adverse events ‐ Participants with at least one AE (separated time… compared with CBT plus antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Recombinant zoster vaccine vs placebo

Participants with adverse events ‐ serious adverse events Clinical or laboratory criteria · healthy older adults aged ≥ 60 years

Recombinant zoster vaccine showed no clear difference in participants with adverse events ‐ serious adverse eventsClinical or… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Impulsive lifestyle counselling + treatment‐as‐usual vs usual care

Adverse events: death Assessed by: number of participant deaths between a 3‐ and 9‐month · adults with antisocial personality disorder

It is very uncertain whether impulsive lifestyle counselling + treatment‐as‐usual changes adverse events: death Assessed by: number of participant deaths… compared with treatment‐as‐usual alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CHLORPROMAZINE vs piperacetazine

Adverse effects/events: incidence of adverse effects ‐ as defined by each of the studies · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether chlorpromazine changes adverse effects/events: incidence of adverse effects ‐ as defined by… compared with piperacetazine (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgery vs LNG‐IUS

Proportion of women with adverse events Endometrial ablation versus LNG‐IUS. At one year · women with heavy menstrual bleeding

Surgery probably leads to lower proportion of women with adverse events Endometrial ablation versus… compared with LNG‐IUS (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review