What do systematic reviews say?

Full‐mouth ultrasonic scaling plus photodynamic therapy vs full‐mouth ultrasonic scaling alone

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Treatment of dental and orthodontic complications in thalassaemia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Ciprofloxacin vs fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin showed no clear difference in adverse effects of treatment ‐ any adverse effects compared with comparator fluoroquinolone (moderate certainty).

• Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.16 [0.95, 1.42]
  3 studies · 967 participants
  Moderate

Levofloxacin vs fluoroquinolones

Levofloxacin showed no clear difference in adverse effects of treatment ‐ any adverse effects compared with comparator fluoroquinolone (moderate certainty).

• Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.88 [0.72, 1.08]
  3 studies · 874 participants
  Moderate

Levofloxacin vs ciprofloxacin

Levofloxacin showed no clear difference in adverse effects of treatment ‐ any adverse effects compared with ciprofloxacin (moderate certainty).

• Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.86 [0.7, 1.06]
  2 studies · 785 participants
  Moderate

Lomefloxacin vs fluoroquinolones

Lomefloxacin showed no clear difference in adverse effects of treatment ‐ any adverse effects compared with comparator fluoroquinolone (moderate certainty).

• Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.64 [0.34, 1.21]
  2 studies · 215 participants
  Moderate

Zonisamide vs placebo

Zonisamide may leads to higher adverse effects: ataxia (whole treatment period; any dose) compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Zonisamide add‐on therapy for focal epilepsy 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3.85
  4 studies · 734 participants
  Low

Zonisamide vs placebo

Zonisamide probably leads to higher adverse effects: nausea (whole treatment period; any dose) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Zonisamide add‐on therapy for focal epilepsy 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.1
  5 studies · 805 participants
  Moderate

Zonisamide vs placebo

Zonisamide probably leads to higher adverse effects: fatigue (whole treatment period; any dose) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Zonisamide add‐on therapy for focal epilepsy 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.41
  6 studies · 1045 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Topical treatments for blepharokeratoconjunctivitis in children 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 137 participants
  Very low

IVIg vs different infusion regimens of IVIG

Primary treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) showed no clear difference in incidence of any adverse effects after treatment initiation ( compared with different infusion regimens of IVIG (low certainty).

• Intravenous immunoglobulin for the treatment of Kawasaki disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.11 [0.52, 2.37]
  6 studies · 1659 participants
  Low

Zonisamide vs placebo

Zonisamide probably leads to higher adverse effects: dizziness (whole treatment period; any dose) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Zonisamide add‐on therapy for focal epilepsy 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.4
  7 studies · 1429 participants
  Moderate

Zonisamide vs placebo

Zonisamide probably leads to higher adverse effects: somnolence (whole treatment period; any dose) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Zonisamide add‐on therapy for focal epilepsy 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.52
  8 studies · 1636 participants
  Moderate

IVIg vs prednisolone

Primary treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) showed no clear difference in incidence of any adverse effects after treatment initiation (up to 3… compared with prednisolone (low certainty).

• Intravenous immunoglobulin for the treatment of Kawasaki disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 4.18 [0.19, 89.48]
  1 study · 90 participants
  Low

Lamotrigine vs lithium

• Lamotrigine in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Lamotrigine vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether lamotrigine changes any reported adverse effects up to 12 weeks after starting treatment… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Lamotrigine in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.07 [0.81, 1.42]
  5 studies · 1138 participants
  Very low

IVIg vs acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)

It is very uncertain whether primary treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) changes incidence of any adverse effects after treatment initiation (from 30… compared with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) (very low certainty).

• Intravenous immunoglobulin for the treatment of Kawasaki disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.57 [0.17, 1.89]
  10 studies · 1376 participants
  Very low