What do systematic reviews say?

Sulodexide + local treatment vs local treatment

It is very uncertain whether sulodexide + local treatment changes adverse effects compared with local treatment (very low certainty).

• Sulodexide for treating venous leg ulcers 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.44 [0.48, 4.34]
  2 studies · 344 participants
  Very low

Adhesively bonded amalgam restorations in conventional preparations utilising deliberate retention (all bonding agents) vs Amalgam restoration

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Adhesively bonded versus non‐bonded amalgam restorations for dental caries 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Adverse effects: any event for which the causal relationship between the event and the amalgam restoration is at least a reasonable possibility - not measured | See comment | See comment | Not estimable | - | See…
  0 studies
  No studies found

Low‐level laser therapy vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for treating burning mouth syndrome 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes

  short-term (up to 3 months)
  SoF6: No included study reported the occurrence of adverse events.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Non-specific immunotherapy (recombinant interleukin-2 or BCG cell wall preparation) plus standard therapy vs Standard therapy alone (radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy)

Non-specific immunotherapy (recombinant interleukin-2 or BCG cell… showed no clear difference in adverse effects compared with standard therapy alone; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for the treatment of oral and oropharyngeal cancers: targeted therapy and immunotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes

  24 to 70 months · Moderate to severe chills (BCG-CWP, all grades)
  RR 11.00 [0.67, 179.29]
  1 study · 24 participants
  GRADE not reported
• Interventions for the treatment of oral and oropharyngeal cancers: targeted therapy and immunotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes

  24 to 70 months · Nausea/vomiting (rIL-2, grades >=3)
  RR 3.40 [0.15, 77.34]
  1 study · 30 participants
  GRADE not reported
• Interventions for the treatment of oral and oropharyngeal cancers: targeted therapy and immunotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes

  24 to 70 months · Stomatitis (rIL-2, all grades)
  RR 1.47 [0.75, 2.90]
  1 study · 30 participants
  GRADE not reported

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (erlotinib, gefitinib or lapatinib) plus standard therapy (radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy) vs Standard therapy alone (radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy)

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (erlotinib, gefitinib or lapatinib) plus… led to higher adverse effects compared with standard therapy alone (radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy); GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for the treatment of oral and oropharyngeal cancers: targeted therapy and immunotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes

  40 to 60 months · Skin toxicity (lapatinib, all grades)
  RR 2.02 [1.23, 3.32]
  1 study · 67 participants
  GRADE not reported
• Interventions for the treatment of oral and oropharyngeal cancers: targeted therapy and immunotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes

  40 to 60 months · Gastrointestinal complaints (gefitinib, all grades)
  RR 1.04 [0.98, 1.11]
  1 study · 226 participants
  GRADE not reported
• Interventions for the treatment of oral and oropharyngeal cancers: targeted therapy and immunotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes

  40 to 60 months · Gastrointestinal complaints (lapatinib, all grades)
  RR 15.53 [2.18, 110.55]
  1 study · 67 participants
  GRADE not reported

EGFR monoclonal antibody (cetuximab or nimotuzumab) plus standard therapy (radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy) vs Standard therapy alone (radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy)

• Interventions for the treatment of oral and oropharyngeal cancers: targeted therapy and immunotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes

  24 to 70 months · Mucositis (all grades)
  Mucositis all grades: not estimable due to high heterogeneity (P=0.0009; I2=86%) between subgroups (cetuximab; nimotuzumab) and within cetuximab (I2=93%); 1417 participants, 3 studies. Table 3, row 1.6 (Ang 2014;…
  3 studies · 1417 participants
  GRADE not reported
• Interventions for the treatment of oral and oropharyngeal cancers: targeted therapy and immunotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes

  24 to 70 months · Skin toxicity/acneiform rash (cetuximab, all grades)
  RR 6.56 [5.35, 8.03]
  2 studies · 1311 participants
  GRADE not reported
• Interventions for the treatment of oral and oropharyngeal cancers: targeted therapy and immunotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes

  24 to 70 months · Xerostomia (grades >=3)
  RR 1.36 [0.80, 2.31]
  2 studies · 1311 participants
  GRADE not reported

Xylitol lozenges (4.7 g/day) vs no treatment

• Xylitol‐containing products for preventing dental caries in children and adults 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes

  24 months (48-month follow-up)
  There were no usable data presented for adverse effects. Lenkkeri 2012.
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Fluoride toothpaste containing 10% xylitol vs Fluoride toothpaste alone

• Xylitol‐containing products for preventing dental caries in children and adults 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes

  2.5 to 3 years
  Adverse effects: both studies reported that there were no adverse effects in either the xylitol or control group.
  2 studies · 4216 participants
  GRADE not reported

Xylitol candy (7.5 g/day) vs Control (sorbitol) candy

• Xylitol‐containing products for preventing dental caries in children and adults 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes

  36 months
  The authors reported that there were no adverse effects for either group. Honkala 2014.
  1 study · 252 participants
  GRADE not reported

Acupoint PC6 stimulation and antiemetic combination vs antiemetics

• Stimulation of the wrist acupuncture point PC6 for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 7 participants
  GRADE not reported

Acupoint PC6 stimulation vs sham

• Stimulation of the wrist acupuncture point PC6 for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 35 participants
  GRADE not reported

Acupoint PC6 stimulation vs antiemetics

• Stimulation of the wrist acupuncture point PC6 for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 11 participants
  GRADE not reported

Decreasing fluids vs increasing fluids

• Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of urinary incontinence in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 93 participants
  Very low

Weight loss vs control

• Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of urinary incontinence in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 48 participants
  GRADE not reported

Chronic MND: Cervical Stretch/ROM Exercises + Cervical/Scapulothoracic Strengthening + Static/Dynamic Cervical/Shoulder Stabilization vs WAIT LIST

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Exercises for mechanical neck disorders 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Chronic MND: Qigong Stretch/ROM + Endurance Training + Dynamic Stabilization + Cognitive (mindfulness & emotional balance) vs WAIT LIST

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Exercises for mechanical neck disorders 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Acute Radiculopathy: Cervical Stretch/ROM + Cervical/Scapulothoracic/UE Strengthening + Static/Dynamic Cervical Stabilization vs WAIT LIST

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Exercises for mechanical neck disorders 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Acute to subacute CGH: Cervical stretch/ROM vs sham

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Exercises for mechanical neck disorders 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Chronic CGH: Cervical/Scapulothoracic Strengthening with Endurance Training + Craniocervical Pressure Biofeedback + Dynamic Cervical Stabilization vs no intervention

• Exercises for mechanical neck disorders 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 participants
  GRADE not reported

Chronic CGH: Cervical/Scapulothoracic Strengthening with Endurance Training + Craniocervical Pressure Biofeedback + Dynamic Cervical Stabilization + Manual Therapy vs manual therapy

• Exercises for mechanical neck disorders 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 participants
  GRADE not reported