Farzanegan 2021 = Transbond XT + 1% chitosan + 1% TiO2 (co-intervention); Mollabashi 2022 = TiO2-only composite (1 wt%) vs Conventional/control orthodontic adhesive (e.g., Transbond XT) or negative control: Enamel demineralization / white spot lesion prevention (DIAGNOdent, enamel mineral content)
- Population
- Patients undergoing fixed orthodontic (fixed appliance) treatment (adolescents and adults, ages 12 to 35)
- Intervention
- Farzanegan 2021 = Transbond XT + 1% chitosan + 1% TiO2 (co-intervention); Mollabashi 2022 = TiO2-only composite (1 wt%)
- Comparison
- Conventional/control orthodontic adhesive (e.g., Transbond XT) or negative control
- Outcome
- Enamel demineralization / white spot lesion prevention (DIAGNOdent, enamel mineral content)
Two small RCTs gave inconsistent results for TiO2-modified adhesives/composites on enamel demineralization (one favorable on DIAGNOdent, one no difference in mineral content); ungraded.
What each review found
Current versions only| Finding | Effect | Studies | GRADE certainty |
|---|---|---|---|
Farzanegan 2021 = Transbond XT + 1% chitosan + 1% TiO2 (co-intervention); Mollabashi 2022 = TiO2-only composite (1 wt%) vs Conventional adhesive/composite (Transbond XT) Enamel demineralization / white spot lesion prevention (DIAGNOdent, enamel mineral content) · Patients undergoing fixed orthodontic (fixed appliance) treatment (adolescents and adults, ages 12 to 35) · 1 day to 6 months, Orthodontic clinical practice (in-vivo human clinical trials); adolescents and adults Two small RCTs gave inconsistent results for TiO2-modified adhesives/composites on enamel demineralization (one favorable on DIAGNOdent, one no difference in mineral content); ungraded. Can Orthodontic Adhesive Systems Inhibit the Formation and Development of White Spot Lesions During Fixed… (2024) All outcomes | Two RCTs (Farzanegan 2021 n=24; Mollabashi 2022 n=40): Mollabashi reported DIAGNOdent readings significantly lower on the TiO2 side than the control side (p<0.001); Farzanegan reported no significant difference in… | 2 studies · 64 participants | GRADE not reported |
Findings are shown side by side, never pooled across reviews.
The reviews
| Review | Searched up to | Included studies | AMSTAR 2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Can Orthodontic Adhesive Systems Inhibit the Formation and Development of White Spot Lesions During Fixed Orthodontic Treatment? A… 2024 All outcomes | October 2023 | 12 | High / Low |
Studies behind the findings
The primary studies the full-text reviews tie to this outcome. Reviews with headline outcomes only do not list them here.
- Evaluation of Nano TiO2 Modified Orthodontic Composite Effects on S. mutans Population and Enamel Demineralization in Fixed Orthodontic… · 2023 · included by 1 of these review
- Effect of the addition of Chitosan and TiO <sub>2</sub> nanoparticles on antibacterial properties of an orthodontic composite in fixed… · 2021 · included by 1 of these review
How reviews are matched to this question
Reviews word the same question differently. Four decision models (TypeSafe's Jev, Liquid AI's d1-ultra, SubQ Snap and Baseten's Elephant) judged each wording of the population, intervention, comparator and outcome against the others; two wordings count as the same when at least three of them agree and none clearly disagrees, and findings count as this question only when all four elements match. Timing, setting and subgroup never split a question: they are shown on each finding.