Question · asked by 1 review
Cesarean section delivery vs Vaginal delivery: Early childhood caries (ECC)
- Population
- Children aged <6 years
- Intervention
- Cesarean section delivery
- Comparison
- Vaginal delivery
- Outcome
- Early childhood caries (ECC)
No significant association between cesarean vs vaginal delivery and ECC among America/Canada/Brazil studies (OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.70-1.76).
What each review found
Current versions onlyNo studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 17 · 100%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
| Finding | Effect | Studies | GRADE certainty |
|---|---|---|---|
Cesarean section delivery vs Vaginal delivery Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged <6 years · North & South America (USA, Peru, Brazil), Study location: America/Canada/Brazil No significant association between cesarean vs vaginal delivery and ECC among America/Canada/Brazil studies (OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.70-1.76). RETRACTED: The association between mode of childbirth delivery and early childhood caries: A comprehensive… (2024) All outcomes | OR 1.11 [0.70, 1.76] | 5 studies | GRADE not reported |
Cesarean section delivery vs Vaginal delivery Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged <6 years · Community/population-based; multiple countries, Study design: Cross-sectional No significant association between cesarean vs vaginal delivery and ECC among cross-sectional studies (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.54-1.38). RETRACTED: The association between mode of childbirth delivery and early childhood caries: A comprehensive… (2024) All outcomes | OR 0.86 [0.54, 1.38] | 11 studies | GRADE not reported |
Cesarean section delivery vs Vaginal delivery Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged <6 years · Asia, Study location: Asia No significant association between cesarean vs vaginal delivery and ECC among Asian studies (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.65-1.33). RETRACTED: The association between mode of childbirth delivery and early childhood caries: A comprehensive… (2024) All outcomes | OR 0.93 [0.65, 1.33] | 12 studies | GRADE not reported |
Cesarean section delivery vs Vaginal delivery Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged <6 years · Community/population-based; multiple countries, Study quality (NOS): Moderate No significant association between cesarean vs vaginal delivery and ECC among moderate-quality (NOS) studies (OR 1.10, 95% CI 0.75-1.61). RETRACTED: The association between mode of childbirth delivery and early childhood caries: A comprehensive… (2024) All outcomes | OR 1.10 [0.75, 1.61] | 12 studies | GRADE not reported |
Cesarean section delivery vs Vaginal delivery Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged <6 years · Community/population-based; multiple countries, Sample size: <300 No significant association between cesarean vs vaginal delivery and ECC among studies with sample size <300 (OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.64-1.86). RETRACTED: The association between mode of childbirth delivery and early childhood caries: A comprehensive… (2024) All outcomes | OR 1.09 [0.64, 1.86] | 13 studies | GRADE not reported |
Cesarean section delivery vs Vaginal delivery Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged <6 years · Community/population-based; multiple countries, Study quality (NOS): Low No significant association between cesarean vs vaginal delivery and ECC among low-quality (NOS) studies (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.39-2.33). RETRACTED: The association between mode of childbirth delivery and early childhood caries: A comprehensive… (2024) All outcomes | OR 0.95 [0.39, 2.33] | 6 studies | GRADE not reported |
Cesarean section delivery vs Vaginal delivery Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged <6 years · Community/population-based; multiple countries, Confounder adjustment: No No significant association between cesarean vs vaginal delivery and ECC among unadjusted (crude) estimates (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.66-1.47). RETRACTED: The association between mode of childbirth delivery and early childhood caries: A comprehensive… (2024) All outcomes | OR 0.98 [0.66, 1.47] | 15 studies | GRADE not reported |
Cesarean section delivery vs Vaginal delivery Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged <6 years · Community/population-based; multiple countries, Study design: Case-control No significant association between cesarean vs vaginal delivery and ECC among case-control studies (OR 1.40, 95% CI 0.76-2.59). RETRACTED: The association between mode of childbirth delivery and early childhood caries: A comprehensive… (2024) All outcomes | OR 1.40 [0.76, 2.59] | 4 studies | GRADE not reported |
Cesarean section delivery vs Vaginal delivery Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged <6 years · Africa (Egypt, Ethiopia), Study location: Africa No significant association between cesarean vs vaginal delivery and ECC among African studies (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.27-1.97). RETRACTED: The association between mode of childbirth delivery and early childhood caries: A comprehensive… (2024) All outcomes | OR 0.73 [0.27, 1.97] | 2 studies | GRADE not reported |
Cesarean section delivery vs Vaginal delivery Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged <6 years · Community/population-based; multiple countries, Time period: 2017 and before No significant association between cesarean vs vaginal delivery and ECC among studies published 2017 and before (OR 1.10, 95% CI 0.80-1.52). RETRACTED: The association between mode of childbirth delivery and early childhood caries: A comprehensive… (2024) All outcomes | OR 1.10 [0.80, 1.52] | 11 studies | GRADE not reported |
Cesarean section delivery vs Vaginal delivery Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged <6 years · Europe (UK, Sweden, Russia, Romania), Study location: Europe No significant association between cesarean vs vaginal delivery and ECC among European studies (OR 1.48, 95% CI 0.83-2.63). RETRACTED: The association between mode of childbirth delivery and early childhood caries: A comprehensive… (2024) All outcomes | OR 1.48 [0.83, 2.63] | 5 studies | GRADE not reported |
Cesarean section delivery vs Vaginal delivery Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged <6 years · Community/population-based; multiple countries, Time period: After 2018 No significant association between cesarean vs vaginal delivery and ECC among studies published after 2018 (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.75-1.35). RETRACTED: The association between mode of childbirth delivery and early childhood caries: A comprehensive… (2024) All outcomes | OR 1.01 [0.75, 1.35] | 13 studies | GRADE not reported |
Cesarean section delivery vs Vaginal delivery Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged <6 years · Community/population-based; multiple countries, Sample size: ≥300 No significant association between cesarean vs vaginal delivery and ECC among studies with sample size ≥300 (OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.86-1.28). RETRACTED: The association between mode of childbirth delivery and early childhood caries: A comprehensive… (2024) All outcomes | OR 1.05 [0.86, 1.28] | 11 studies | GRADE not reported |
Cesarean section delivery vs Vaginal delivery Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged <6 years · Community/population-based; multiple countries, Study design: Cohort No significant association between cesarean vs vaginal delivery and ECC among cohort studies (OR 1.15, 95% CI 0.90-1.46). RETRACTED: The association between mode of childbirth delivery and early childhood caries: A comprehensive… (2024) All outcomes | OR 1.15 [0.90, 1.46] | 9 studies | GRADE not reported |
Cesarean section delivery vs Vaginal delivery Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged <6 years · Community/population-based; 16 countries; studies 1997-2024, Overall (all 24 studies; random-effects) There is no significant association between mode of childbirth delivery (cesarean vs vaginal) and early childhood caries (OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.86-1.30; ungraded observational evidence from 24 studies). RETRACTED: The association between mode of childbirth delivery and early childhood caries: A comprehensive… (2024) All outcomes | OR 1.05 [0.86, 1.30] | 24 studies · 71732 participants | GRADE not reported |
Cesarean section delivery vs Vaginal delivery Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged <6 years · Community/population-based; multiple countries, Confounder adjustment: Yes No significant association between cesarean vs vaginal delivery and ECC among confounder-adjusted estimates (OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.89-1.37). RETRACTED: The association between mode of childbirth delivery and early childhood caries: A comprehensive… (2024) All outcomes | OR 1.11 [0.89, 1.37] | 9 studies | GRADE not reported |
Cesarean section delivery vs Vaginal delivery Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged <6 years · Community/population-based; multiple countries, Study quality (NOS): Good No significant association between cesarean vs vaginal delivery and ECC among good-quality (NOS) studies (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.82-1.14). RETRACTED: The association between mode of childbirth delivery and early childhood caries: A comprehensive… (2024) All outcomes | OR 0.97 [0.82, 1.14] | 6 studies | GRADE not reported |
Findings are shown side by side, never pooled across reviews.
The reviews
| Review | Searched up to | Included studies | AMSTAR 2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| RETRACTED: The association between mode of childbirth delivery and early childhood caries: A comprehensive systematic review and… 2024 All outcomes | Up to 2024-05-01 | 33 | Not applicable |
Related questions
The same intervention and outcome, asked in another population or against another comparator.
- Cesarean section delivery vs Vaginal delivery · Children with average age ≤3 years · 1 review
- Cesarean section delivery vs Vaginal delivery · Children with average age >3 years · 1 review
Studies behind the findings
The primary studies the full-text reviews tie to this outcome. Reviews with headline outcomes only do not list them here.
- Dental caries and associated factors among preschool children in Southwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. · 2024 · included by 1 of these review
- Caesarean-section delivery and caries risk of 3-year-old Chinese children: a retrospective cohort study. · 2023 · included by 1 of these review
- Multimodal Data Integration Reveals Mode of Delivery and Snack Consumption Outrank Salivary Microbiome in Association With Caries Outcome… · 2022 · included by 1 of these review
- Caesarean delivery and early childhood caries: Estimation with marginal structural models in Brazilian pre‐schoolers · 2021 · included by 1 of these review
- Risk Factors of Early Childhood Caries Among Preschool Children in Eastern Saudi Arabia. · 2021 · included by 1 of these review
- Influence of mode of delivery, family and nursing determinants on early childhood caries development: a prospective cohort study · 2018 · included by 1 of these review
- Factors associated with early childhood caries among 3 to 6 year old children in India: A case control study · 2018 · included by 1 of these review
- Caesarean Section Does Not Increase the Risk of Caries in Swedish Children. · 2017 · included by 1 of these review
- Antenatal Health Care and Postnatal Dental Check-Ups Prevent Early Childhood Caries · 2016 · included by 1 of these review
- Mode of delivery, mutans streptococci colonization, and early childhood caries in three- to five-year-old Thai children. · 2013 · included by 1 of these review
- Comparison of Occurrence of Early Childhood Caries in Two Groups of Children Delivered by Cesarean Section and Normal Birth: A… · 2012 · included by 1 of these review
- Identification of caries risk factors in toddlers. · 2011 · included by 1 of these review
- Risk indicators for early childhood caries in 2‐year‐old children in southern China · 2010 · included by 1 of these review
- Mode of Delivery and Other Maternal Factors Influence the Acquisition of <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> in Infants · 2005 · included by 1 of these review
- Identification of ribosome-ligand interactions using cleavage reagents. · 1995 · included by 1 of these review
- Bastawy A 2023 · included by 1 of these review
- Divya MS 2022 · included by 1 of these review
- Esian D 2021 · included by 1 of these review
- García-Castro LS 2017 · included by 1 of these review
- Korolenkova M 2020 · included by 1 of these review
- Martins LGT 2021 · included by 1 of these review
- Peretz B 1997 · included by 1 of these review
- Toomarian L 2011 · included by 1 of these review
- Yepes JF 2014 · included by 1 of these review
How reviews are matched to this question
Reviews word the same question differently. Four decision models (TypeSafe's Jev, Liquid AI's d1-ultra, SubQ Snap and Baseten's Elephant) judged each wording of the population, intervention, comparator and outcome against the others; two wordings count as the same when at least three of them agree and none clearly disagrees, and findings count as this question only when all four elements match. Timing, setting and subgroup never split a question: they are shown on each finding.