Primary study · included by 1 review

Four-Year Outcomes of Immediately Loaded Full-ArchMaxillary Dental Implants with Hybrid Versus Roughened Surfaces: A Split-Mouth Randomized Controlled Trial.

Offord 2025 · Offord David, Kingsford Nicola, Glibert Maarten, et al. · Journal of clinical medicine · 2025

Included by

Long-Term Peri-Implant Outcomes of Smoother/Hybrid Versus Moderately Rough Titanium Implant Surfaces: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Non-Cochrane · intervention · 2026 · cited as Offord 2025 · Table 3; Figure 2

Outcome this study informs	Pooled effect	Evidence	Certainty
Implant failure Smoother, minimally rough, machined or hybrid titanium implant surfaces vs Moderately rough or rougher titanium implant surfaces · At least 24 months; longest eligible follow-up	RR 2.12 [0.85, 5.31]	7 studies	Very low
Marginal bone-level change Smoother, minimally rough, machined or hybrid titanium implant surfaces vs Moderately rough or rougher titanium implant surfaces · At least 24 months; longest eligible follow-up	MD 0.07 [-0.12, 0.27]	8 studies	Very low
Marginal bone-level change Smoother, minimally rough, machined or hybrid titanium implant surfaces vs Moderately rough or rougher titanium implant surfaces · At least 24 months; longest eligible follow-up	MD -0.06 [-0.29, 0.16]	5 studies	GRADE not reported

1 including review in total.