Primary study · included by 1 review

Dental Caries and Extrinsic Black Tooth Stain in Children With Primary, Mixed and Permanent Dentitions: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Feng 2024 · Feng Jiangling, Yu Siyuan, Zhou Ni, et al. · International journal of paediatric dentistry · 2025

Included by

Association Between Chromogenic Black Stain and Dental Caries in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Non-Cochrane · prognostic · 2025 · cited as Feng 2024 · Table 1; Results 3.3; references
Outcome this study informsPooled effectEvidenceCertainty
Dental caries (presence or experience)
Presence of chromogenic black stain (exposure) vs Children without black stain
OR 0.53 [0.36, 0.78]5 studiesGRADE not reported

1 including review in total.