Primary study · included by 3 reviews

Comparison of anxiety, pain, and quality of life in individuals with mild or moderate malocclusion between conventional fixed orthodontic treatment versus Invisalign: a randomised clinical trial.

Tunca 2024 · Tunca Yasemin, Kaya Yesim, Tunca Murat, et al. · BMC oral health · 2024

Included by

Evaluation of psychological effects of orthodontic treatment vs. orthognathic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Non-Cochrane · intervention · 2026 · cited as Tunca 2024 · Tables 1 and 2; Results, Meta-Analysis; References
Outcome this study informsPooled effectEvidenceCertainty
OHIP-14 score (higher is worse OHRQoL)
Orthodontic treatment (fixed appliances or clear aligners) and Orthognathic surgery (traditional or surgery-first) vs None (single-arm pooled post-treatment mean) · Last available assessment after treatment (time points not consistent)
Pooled mean score 9.69 [7.23, 12.16]13 studiesGRADE not reported
OHIP-14 score (higher is worse OHRQoL)
Orthodontic treatment (fixed appliances or clear aligners) and Orthognathic surgery (traditional or surgery-first) vs None (single-arm pooled post-treatment mean) · Last available assessment after treatment (time points not consistent)
Pooled mean score 9.94 [7.08, 12.80]13 studiesGRADE not reported
OHIP-14 score (higher is worse OHRQoL)
Orthodontic treatment (fixed appliances or clear aligners) and Orthognathic surgery (traditional or surgery-first) vs None (single-arm pooled post-treatment mean) · Last available assessment after treatment (time points not consistent)
Pooled mean score 10.23 [7.67, 12.80]13 studiesGRADE not reported
OHIP-14 score (higher is worse OHRQoL)
Orthodontic treatment (fixed appliances or clear aligners) and Orthognathic surgery (traditional or surgery-first) vs None (single-arm pooled post-treatment mean) · Last available assessment after treatment (time points not consistent)
Pooled mean score 10.27 [8.10, 12.44]13 studiesGRADE not reported
OHIP-14 score (higher is worse OHRQoL)
Orthodontic treatment (fixed appliances or clear aligners) and Orthognathic surgery (traditional or surgery-first) vs None (single-arm pooled post-treatment mean) · Last available assessment after treatment (time points not consistent)
Pooled mean score 9.66 [7.30, 12.02]14 studies · 435 participantsGRADE not reported
OHIP-14 score (higher is worse OHRQoL)
Orthodontic treatment (fixed appliances or clear aligners) and Orthognathic surgery (traditional or surgery-first) vs None (single-arm pooled post-treatment mean) · Last available assessment after treatment (time points not consistent)
Pooled mean score 9.76 [7.22, 12.30]13 studiesGRADE not reported
OHIP-14 score (higher is worse OHRQoL)
Orthodontic treatment (fixed appliances or clear aligners) and Orthognathic surgery (traditional or surgery-first) vs None (single-arm pooled post-treatment mean) · Last available assessment after treatment (time points not consistent)
Pooled mean score 9.29 [6.89, 11.69]13 studiesGRADE not reported
OHIP-14 score (higher is worse OHRQoL)
Orthodontic treatment (fixed appliances or clear aligners) and Orthognathic surgery (traditional or surgery-first) vs None (single-arm pooled post-treatment mean) · Last available assessment after treatment (time points not consistent)
Pooled mean score 10.04 [7.45, 12.64]13 studiesGRADE not reported
OHIP-14 score (higher is worse OHRQoL)
Orthodontic treatment (fixed appliances or clear aligners) and Orthognathic surgery (traditional or surgery-first) vs None (single-arm pooled post-treatment mean) · Last available assessment after treatment (time points not consistent)
Pooled mean score 9.40 [7.05, 11.75]13 studiesGRADE not reported
OHIP-14 score (higher is worse OHRQoL)
Orthodontic treatment (fixed appliances or clear aligners) and Orthognathic surgery (traditional or surgery-first) vs None (single-arm pooled post-treatment mean) · Last available assessment after treatment (time points not consistent)
Pooled mean score 9.67 [7.20, 12.14]13 studiesGRADE not reported
OHIP-14 score (higher is worse OHRQoL)
Orthodontic treatment (fixed appliances or clear aligners) and Orthognathic surgery (traditional or surgery-first) vs None (single-arm pooled post-treatment mean) · Last available assessment after treatment (time points not consistent)
Pooled mean score 9.46 [7.05, 11.87]13 studiesGRADE not reported
OHIP-14 score (higher is worse OHRQoL)
Orthodontic treatment (fixed appliances or clear aligners) and Orthognathic surgery (traditional or surgery-first) vs None (single-arm pooled post-treatment mean) · Last available assessment after treatment (time points not consistent)
Pooled mean score 9.80 [7.35, 12.24]13 studiesGRADE not reported
OHIP-14 score (higher is worse OHRQoL)
Orthodontic treatment (fixed appliances or clear aligners) and Orthognathic surgery (traditional or surgery-first) vs None (single-arm pooled post-treatment mean) · Last available assessment after treatment (time points not consistent)
Pooled mean score 8.93 [6.70, 11.17]13 studiesGRADE not reported
OHIP-14 score (higher is worse OHRQoL)
Orthodontic treatment (fixed appliances or clear aligners) and Orthognathic surgery (traditional or surgery-first) vs None (single-arm pooled post-treatment mean) · Last available assessment after treatment (time points not consistent)
Pooled mean score 9.45 [7.02, 11.89]13 studiesGRADE not reported
OHIP-14 score (higher is worse OHRQoL)
Orthodontic treatment (fixed appliances or clear aligners) and Orthognathic surgery (traditional or surgery-first) vs None (single-arm pooled post-treatment mean) · Last available assessment after treatment (time points not consistent)
Pooled mean score 9.27 [6.88, 11.66]13 studiesGRADE not reported

The review does not say which of its outcomes this study informs.

Outcome this study informsPooled effectEvidenceCertainty
Quality of life
Clear aligners (Invisalign and similar removable aligners) vs Fixed orthodontic appliances (metal, self-ligating, ceramic, lingual brackets) · 10 days
SMD -0.895 [-1.426, -0.364]1 studyGRADE not reported
Quality of life
Clear aligners (Invisalign and similar removable aligners) vs Fixed orthodontic appliances (metal, self-ligating, ceramic, lingual brackets) · All follow-up durations (1 week to end of treatment)
SMD -0.850 [-0.973, -0.727]16 studies · 856 participantsModerate
Pain intensity
Clear aligners (Invisalign and similar removable aligners) vs Fixed orthodontic appliances (metal, self-ligating, ceramic, lingual brackets) · All follow-up time points (1 week to 6 months)
SMD -0.419 [-0.536, -0.302]18 studies · 892 participantsModerate
Quality of life
Clear aligners (Invisalign and similar removable aligners) vs Fixed orthodontic appliances (metal, self-ligating, ceramic, lingual brackets) · 3 months
SMD -0.590 [-1.194, 0.013]1 studyGRADE not reported
Quality of life
Clear aligners (Invisalign and similar removable aligners) vs Fixed orthodontic appliances (metal, self-ligating, ceramic, lingual brackets) · 2 weeks
SMD -0.734 [-1.172, -0.397]2 studiesGRADE not reported
Quality of life
Clear aligners (Invisalign and similar removable aligners) vs Fixed orthodontic appliances (metal, self-ligating, ceramic, lingual brackets) · End of treatment
SMD -0.970 [-1.412, -0.528]2 studiesGRADE not reported
Quality of life
Clear aligners (Invisalign and similar removable aligners) vs Fixed orthodontic appliances (metal, self-ligating, ceramic, lingual brackets) · 20 days
SMD -0.895 [-1.426, -0.364]1 studyGRADE not reported
Quality of life
Clear aligners (Invisalign and similar removable aligners) vs Fixed orthodontic appliances (metal, self-ligating, ceramic, lingual brackets) · 1 week
SMD -0.985 [-1.272, -0.699]3 studiesGRADE not reported
Quality of life
Clear aligners (Invisalign and similar removable aligners) vs Fixed orthodontic appliances (metal, self-ligating, ceramic, lingual brackets) · 6 months
SMD -0.850 [-1.144, -0.557]4 studiesGRADE not reported
Quality of life
Clear aligners (Invisalign and similar removable aligners) vs Fixed orthodontic appliances (metal, self-ligating, ceramic, lingual brackets) · 1 month
SMD -0.829 [-1.081, -0.577]4 studiesGRADE not reported
Quality of life
Clear aligners (Invisalign and similar removable aligners) vs Fixed orthodontic appliances (metal, self-ligating, ceramic, lingual brackets) · 12 months
SMD -0.531 [-1.178, 0.116]1 studyGRADE not reported

3 including reviews in total.