evidencegaps
Primary study · included by 1 review

The carcinogenicity of opium consumption: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Filho 2023 · M Filho Adalberto, Turner Michelle C, Warnakulasuriya Saman, et al. · European journal of epidemiology · 2023

Included by

Bladder cancer risk factors: a comprehensive umbrella review of meta-analyses.
Non-Cochrane · aetiology · 2026 · cited as Filho 2023 · Table 1 (Included MA); References
Outcome this study informsPooled effectEvidenceCertainty
Risk of bladder cancer
Aspirin use, mean duration ≥5 years vs Non-users (reference per source meta-analysis)
RR 0.92 [0.88, 0.96]7 studies · 1028458 participantsVery low
Risk of bladder cancer
With opium consumption vs Without opium consumption
RR 4.07 [3.23, 5.12]15 studies · 60225 participantsModerate

1 including review in total.