Primary study · included by 2 reviews

The effectiveness of photodynamic and antibiotic gel therapy as an adjunct to mechanical debridement in the treatment of peri-implantitis among diabetic patients.

Ahmed 2020 · Ahmed Paras, Bukhari Ishfaq A, Albaijan Refal, et al. · Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy · 2020

Included by

Non-Cochrane · intervention · 2025 · cited as Ahmed 2020 · Figure 3; Table 1

Outcome this study informs	Pooled effect	Evidence	Certainty
Marginal bone level change (MBLc), mm Mechanical debridement plus adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) vs Mechanical debridement alone · 6-month follow-up	MD 0.29 [0.12, 0.46]	4 studies	GRADE not reported
Bleeding on probing (BOP) change, % Mechanical debridement plus adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) vs Mechanical debridement alone · 6 months	MD 5.59 [1.19, 9.86]	5 studies	GRADE not reported
Marginal bone level change (MBLc), mm Mechanical debridement plus adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) vs Mechanical debridement alone · 6-month follow-up	MD 0.34 [0.10, 0.57]	4 studies · 253 participants	GRADE not reported
Probing depth (PD) change, mm Mechanical debridement plus adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) vs Mechanical debridement alone · 6-month follow-up	MD 0.46 [-0.09, 1.02]	4 studies · 317 participants	GRADE not reported
Bleeding on probing (BOP) change, % Mechanical debridement plus adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) vs Mechanical debridement alone · 6-month follow-up	MD 5.52 [1.19, 9.86]	5 studies · 313 participants	GRADE not reported

Non-Cochrane · intervention · 2026 · cited as Ahmed 2020 · Table 1; reference 39

Outcome this study informs	Pooled effect	Evidence	Certainty
Probing depth (PD) reduction Systemic or local antibiotics adjunctive to nonsurgical debridement vs Nonsurgical mechanical debridement alone	SMD -0.666 [-1.014, -0.318]	6 studies · 325 participants	GRADE not reported

2 including reviews in total.