Primary study · included by 1 review

Frailty Phenotype and Cause-Specific Mortality in the United States.

Lohman 2020 · Lohman Matthew C, Sonnega Amanda J, Resciniti Nicholas V, et al. · The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2020

Included by

Association of frailty and mortality risk in community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 59 international prospective cohort studies.

Non-Cochrane · prognostic · 2026 · cited as Lohman 2020 · Table 1; reference [61]; Fig. 2

Outcome this study informs	Pooled effect	Evidence	Certainty
All-cause mortality Non-robust (frail, prefrail or equivalent) on any frailty instrument vs Robust (no signs of frailty) · Follow-up 1 to 15 years	HR 1.83 [1.70, 1.97]	56 studies	GRADE not reported
All-cause mortality Non-robust (frail, prefrail or equivalent) on any frailty instrument vs Robust (no signs of frailty) · Follow-up 1 to 15 years	HR 1.11 [1.11, 1.29]	NR	GRADE not reported
All-cause mortality Non-robust (frail, prefrail or equivalent) on any frailty instrument vs Robust (no signs of frailty) · Follow-up 1 to 15 years	HR 1.46 [1.27, 1.68]	NR	GRADE not reported

1 including review in total.