Primary study · included by 1 review

Investigation of the association between orthodontic treatment and temporomandibular joint pain and dysfunction in the South Korean population.

Sim 2019 · Sim Hye-Young, Kim Hee-Sun, Jung Da-Un, et al. · Korean journal of orthodontics · 2019

Included by

Correlation between temporomandibular disorders and the history of orthodontic treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Non-Cochrane · aetiology · 2026 · cited as Sim 2019 · Table 1; Figure 2

Outcome this study informs	Pooled effect	Evidence	Certainty
Occurrence/correlation of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) History of completed orthodontic treatment vs No history of orthodontic treatment · At most recent examination (prospective follow-up 30 months to 20 years)	OR 1.12 [0.67, 1.89]	5 studies · 6971 participants	Very low
Occurrence/correlation of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) History of completed orthodontic treatment vs No history of orthodontic treatment · At most recent examination (prospective follow-up 30 months to 20 years)	OR 1.48 [1.15, 1.91]	4 studies · 6680 participants	GRADE not reported
Occurrence/correlation of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) History of completed orthodontic treatment vs No history of orthodontic treatment · At most recent examination (prospective follow-up 30 months to 20 years)	OR 1.61 [1.18, 2.20]	1 study · 5567 participants	GRADE not reported
Occurrence/correlation of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) History of completed orthodontic treatment vs No history of orthodontic treatment · At most recent examination (prospective follow-up 30 months to 20 years)	OR 0.82 [0.38, 1.75]	2 studies · 893 participants	GRADE not reported
Occurrence/correlation of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) History of completed orthodontic treatment vs No history of orthodontic treatment · At most recent examination (prospective follow-up 30 months to 20 years)	OR 1.71 [0.55, 5.30]	2 studies · 511 participants	GRADE not reported

1 including review in total.