evidencegaps
Primary study · included by 1 review

Factors associated with black tooth stain in Chinese preschool children.

Chen 2014 · Chen Xi, Zhan Jing-Yu, Lu Hai-Xia, et al. · Clinical oral investigations · 2014

Included by

Association Between Chromogenic Black Stain and Dental Caries in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Non-Cochrane · prognostic · 2025 · cited as Chen 2014 · Table 1; Results 3.3; references
Outcome this study informsPooled effectEvidenceCertainty
Prevalence of chromogenic black stain
Prevalence (%) 9.4 [6.6, 12.2]5 studiesGRADE not reported
Dental caries (presence or experience)
Presence of chromogenic black stain (exposure) vs Children without black stain
OR 0.53 [0.36, 0.78]5 studiesGRADE not reported

1 including review in total.