evidencegaps
Primary study · included by 1 review

Meta-analysis of studies on individual consumption of chlorinated drinking water and bladder cancer.

Villanueva 2003 · Villanueva C M, Fernández F, Malats N, et al. · Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2003

Included by

Bladder cancer risk factors: a comprehensive umbrella review of meta-analyses.
Non-Cochrane · aetiology · 2026 · cited as Villanueva 2003 · Table 1 (Included MA); References
Outcome this study informsPooled effectEvidenceCertainty
Risk of bladder cancer
Long-term chlorinated drinking water consumption vs Short-term chlorinated drinking water consumption
OR 1.4 [1.2, 1.7]5 studies · 15694 participantsVery low
Risk of bladder cancer
With secondhand smoking vs Without secondhand smoking
RR 1.22 [1.06, 1.40]14 studies · 325264 participantsVery low

1 including review in total.