Primary study · included by 1 review

Rucker 2012

ProbableThe reviews cited this study without a PMID, DOI or NCT, so it is matched by first author and year. Two different studies by the same author in the same year could be merged here.

Included by

Adverse effects of removable orthodontic aligners: A systematic review with single-arm meta-analysis.

Non-Cochrane · intervention · 2026 · cited as Rucker 2012 · Table 1

Outcome this study informs	Pooled effect	Evidence	Certainty
Pain/discomfort after aligner placement (VAS 0 to 10) Removable clear aligner therapy (aligner arms only) vs None (single-arm synthesis of aligner groups) · 24 hours	MEAN 3.06 [2.15, 4.37]	10 studies · 418 participants	Very low
Pain/discomfort after aligner placement (VAS 0 to 10) Removable clear aligner therapy (aligner arms only) vs None (single-arm synthesis of aligner groups) · 1 week	MEAN 1.08 [0.33, 3.51]	6 studies · 229 participants	Very low

1 including review in total.