Primary study · included by 1 review

Najmuddin 2023

ProbableThe reviews cited this study without a PMID, DOI or NCT, so it is matched by first author and year. Two different studies by the same author in the same year could be merged here.

Included by

Closing the gap in oral hygiene: prevalence of twice-daily toothbrushing among adults in Saudi Arabia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Non-Cochrane · prognostic · 2026 · cited as Najmuddin 2023 · Reference list [37]; Fig. 3; Supplementary Table 2

Outcome this study informs	Pooled effect	Evidence	Certainty
Brushing teeth twice daily Twice-daily toothbrushing (prevalence; no intervention) · Not specified	Pooled prevalence (%) 25.8 [15.8, 37.3]	9 studies	GRADE not reported
Brushing teeth twice daily Twice-daily toothbrushing (prevalence; no intervention) · Not specified	Pooled prevalence (%) 44.6 [37.6, 51.8]	18 studies · 11865 participants	GRADE not reported
Brushing teeth twice daily Twice-daily toothbrushing (prevalence; no intervention) · Not specified	Pooled prevalence (%) 12.2 [7.5, 18.0]	9 studies	GRADE not reported
Brushing teeth twice daily Twice-daily toothbrushing (prevalence; no intervention) · Not specified	no estimate extracted	8 studies	GRADE not reported
Prevalence of twice-daily toothbrushing Not applicable (prevalence review) vs Not applicable	no estimate extracted	8 studies	GRADE not reported

1 including review in total.