evidencegaps
Primary study · included by 1 review

Hwang (Soo-Jeong) 2011

ProbableThe reviews cited this study without a PMID, DOI or NCT, so it is matched by first author and year. Two different studies by the same author in the same year could be merged here.

Included by

A study on the association between smoking, periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone resorption in patients with chronic periodontitis based on biomarkers: a meta-analysis.
Non-Cochrane · aetiology · 2025 · cited as Hwang (Soo-Jeong) 2011 · Table 1; Figures 2-11; References
Outcome this study informsPooled effectEvidenceCertainty
Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) level in gingival crevicular fluid
Smoking (smoker chronic periodontitis patients) vs Non-smoker chronic periodontitis patients
MD 27.15 [5.94, 48.37]3 studies · 812 participantsGRADE not reported

1 including review in total.