Primary study · included by 1 review

Fujiyama 2014

ProbableThe reviews cited this study without a PMID, DOI or NCT, so it is matched by first author and year. Two different studies by the same author in the same year could be merged here.

Included by

Adverse effects of removable orthodontic aligners: A systematic review with single-arm meta-analysis.

Non-Cochrane · intervention · 2026 · cited as Fujiyama 2014 · Table 1

Outcome this study informs	Pooled effect	Evidence	Certainty
Pain/discomfort after aligner placement (VAS 0 to 10) Removable clear aligner therapy (aligner arms only) vs None (single-arm synthesis of aligner groups) · 3 days	MEAN 1.55 [1.09, 2.21]	7 studies · 259 participants	Low
Pain/discomfort after aligner placement (VAS 0 to 10) Removable clear aligner therapy (aligner arms only) vs None (single-arm synthesis of aligner groups) · 24 hours	MEAN 3.06 [2.15, 4.37]	10 studies · 418 participants	Very low

1 including review in total.