Primary study · included by 1 review

Bayan 2022

ProbableThe reviews cited this study without a PMID, DOI or NCT, so it is matched by first author and year. Two different studies by the same author in the same year could be merged here.

Included by

A study on the association between smoking, periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone resorption in patients with chronic periodontitis based on biomarkers: a meta-analysis.

Non-Cochrane · aetiology · 2025 · cited as Bayan 2022 · Figure 4; Table 1

Outcome this study informs	Pooled effect	Evidence	Certainty
Interleukin-17 (IL-17) level in gingival crevicular fluid Smoking (smoker chronic periodontitis patients) vs Non-smoker chronic periodontitis patients	MD 94.62 [23.34, 165.90]	3 studies · 174 participants	GRADE not reported

1 including review in total.