Primary study · included by 1 review

Zhu 2020

Included by

Comparative effectiveness of various intubation fixation devices for patients undergoing tracheal intubation in the ICU: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Non-Cochrane · intervention · 2026 · cited as Zhu 2020 · Supplementary Table S3; reference list

Outcome this study informs	Pooled effect	Evidence	Certainty
Pain (VAS, any pain vs none) Adhesive tape fixation vs Dental pad fixation	OR 7.90	NR	GRADE not reported
Facial pressure injury (any injury vs none) Adhesive tape fixation vs Dental pad fixation (bite block secured with tape or bandage) · During ICU orotracheal intubation	OR 2.00	NR	GRADE not reported
Facial pressure injury Adhesive tape fixation vs Dental pad fixation	OR 2.80	NR	GRADE not reported
Facial pressure injury (any injury vs none) Adhesive tape fixation vs Dental pad fixation (bite block secured with tape or bandage) · During ICU orotracheal intubation	OR 5.08 [1.06, 24.26]	2 studies · 215 participants	GRADE not reported
Pain (VAS, any pain vs none) Adhesive tape fixation vs Dental pad fixation (bite block secured with tape or bandage) · During ICU orotracheal intubation	OR 3.20 [0.72, 14.28]	1 study · 107 participants	GRADE not reported
Catheter displacement (any displacement vs none) Adhesive tape fixation vs Dental pad fixation (bite block secured with tape or bandage) · During ICU orotracheal intubation	OR 2.31 [0.39, 13.55]	1 study · 107 participants	GRADE not reported
Facial pressure injury (any injury vs none) Adhesive tape fixation vs Dental pad fixation (bite block secured with tape or bandage) · During ICU orotracheal intubation	OR 1.60	NR	GRADE not reported
Catheter displacement Adhesive tape fixation vs Dental pad fixation	OR 2.90	NR	GRADE not reported
Pain (VAS, any pain vs none) Adhesive tape fixation vs Dental pad fixation	OR 1.80	NR	GRADE not reported
Catheter displacement Adhesive tape fixation vs Dental pad fixation	OR 1.60	NR	GRADE not reported
Pain (VAS, any pain vs none) Adhesive tape fixation vs Dental pad fixation	OR 50.00	NR	GRADE not reported
Catheter displacement Adhesive tape fixation vs Dental pad fixation	OR 2.00	NR	GRADE not reported

1 including review in total.