evidencegaps
Primary study · included by 1 review

Association of Self-Rated Pain with Clinical Peri-Implant Parameters and Cytokine Profile in Smokers and Never Smokers with and without Peri-Implantitis

Alshahrani 2021 · Alshahrani Faris A., Alqarawi Firas K., Alqutub Montaser N., et al. · Applied Sciences · 2021

Included by

A study on the association between smoking, periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone resorption in patients with chronic periodontitis based on biomarkers: a meta-analysis.
Non-Cochrane · aetiology · 2025 · cited as Alshahrani 2021 · Table 1; Figures 2-11; References
Outcome this study informsPooled effectEvidenceCertainty
Interleukin-17 (IL-17) level in gingival crevicular fluid
Smoking (smoker chronic periodontitis patients) vs Non-smoker chronic periodontitis patients
MD 94.62 [23.34, 165.90]3 studies · 174 participantsGRADE not reported
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) level in gingival crevicular fluid
Smoking (smoker chronic periodontitis patients) vs Non-smoker chronic periodontitis patients
MD 6.02 [1.30, 10.73]3 studies · 130 participantsGRADE not reported

1 including review in total.