Primary study · included by 1 review

Effects of photobiomodulation with different application parameters on injection pain in children: a randomized clinical trial

Elbay 2023 · Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry · 2023

Included by

Effect of photobiomodulation on pain perception during local anesthesia in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Non-Cochrane · intervention · 2026 · cited as Elbay 2023 · Table 1; reference list

Outcome this study informs	Pooled effect	Evidence	Certainty
Pain perception during local anesthetic injection (needle insertion) Photobiomodulation (low-level laser) before local anesthetic injection vs Placebo (sham) laser · At needle insertion	When only one comparison per study was selected in cases of shared control groups, the pooled estimates remained unchanged	3 studies	GRADE not reported
Pain perception (WBFPRS and FLACC combined) Photobiomodulation (low-level laser) before injection vs Placebo (sham laser) · At needle insertion	SMD -0.44 [-0.59, -0.29]	3 studies · 880 participants	GRADE not reported
Pain perception during local anesthetic injection (needle insertion) Photobiomodulation (low-level laser) before local anesthetic injection vs Placebo (sham) laser · At needle insertion	Analyses conducted using both the fixed- and random-effects models produced similar results	3 studies	GRADE not reported
Pain perception during local anesthetic injection (needle insertion) Photobiomodulation (low-level laser) before local anesthetic injection vs Placebo (sham) laser · At needle insertion	SMD -0.41 [-0.62, -0.20]	3 studies · 440 participants	GRADE not reported
Pain perception during local anesthetic injection (needle insertion) Photobiomodulation (low-level laser) before local anesthetic injection vs Placebo (sham) laser · At needle insertion	SMD -0.47 [-0.68, -0.26]	3 studies · 440 participants	GRADE not reported

1 including review in total.