evidencegaps
Primary study · included by 1 review

Salivary and serum markers of angiogenesis in periodontitis in relation to smoking

Çiğdem 2020 · Yılmaz Şaştım Çiğdem, Gürsoy Mervi, Könönen Eija, et al. · Clinical Oral Investigations · 2020

Included by

A study on the association between smoking, periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone resorption in patients with chronic periodontitis based on biomarkers: a meta-analysis.
Non-Cochrane · aetiology · 2025 · cited as Çiğdem 2020 · Figure 2; Table 1
Outcome this study informsPooled effectEvidenceCertainty
Procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (PINP) level in gingival crevicular fluid
Smoking (smoker chronic periodontitis patients) vs Non-smoker chronic periodontitis patients
MD -4.35 [-10.71, 2.02]2 studies · 114 participantsGRADE not reported
Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) level in gingival crevicular fluid
Smoking (smoker chronic periodontitis patients) vs Non-smoker chronic periodontitis patients
MD 135.93 [48.91, 222.95]2 studies · 114 participantsGRADE not reported

1 including review in total.