Non-Cochrane · aetiology · PM42698491
Metabolic syndrome confers a higher risk of oral cancer: a meta-analysis.
Liao Lijun, Nie Juan, Jia Ru · Frontiers in oncology · 2026 · PubMed · doi:10.3389/fonc.2026.1919070
Findings
16 findings
| Population | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adults without oral cancer at baseline | Metabolic syndrome | No metabolic syndrome | Incident oral cancer Leave-one-out: omitted van Kruijsdijk 2013 | HR 1.11 [1.03, 1.20] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Adults without oral cancer at baseline | Metabolic syndrome | No metabolic syndrome | Incident oral cancer Leave-one-out: omitted Choe 2021 | HR 1.08 [1.00, 1.16] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Adults without oral cancer at baseline | Metabolic syndrome | No metabolic syndrome | Incident oral cancer Leave-one-out: omitted Lin 2025 men | HR 1.13 [1.04, 1.23] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Adults without oral cancer at baseline | Metabolic syndrome | No metabolic syndrome | Incident oral cancer Leave-one-out: omitted Choi 2023 | HR 1.16 [1.06, 1.27] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Adults without oral cancer at baseline | Metabolic syndrome | No metabolic syndrome | Incident oral cancer Leave-one-out: omitted Lin 2025 women | HR 1.12 [1.04, 1.22] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Adults in general-population cohorts | Metabolic syndrome | No metabolic syndrome | Incident oral cancer General-population cohorts only | HR 1.07 [0.99, 1.16] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Adults without oral cancer at baseline | Metabolic syndrome | No metabolic syndrome | Incident oral cancer | HR 1.12 [1.04, 1.20] Low 4 studies · 6370396 participants |
| Adults without oral cancer at baseline | Metabolic syndrome | No metabolic syndrome | Incident oral cancer Overall across sex-specific datasets | HR 1.08 [0.99, 1.19] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Adult men without oral cancer at baseline | Metabolic syndrome | No metabolic syndrome | Incident oral cancer Men | HR 1.14 [0.95, 1.36] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Adult women without oral cancer at baseline | Metabolic syndrome | No metabolic syndrome | Incident oral cancer Women | HR 1.02 [0.89, 1.17] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Adults without oral cancer at baseline | Central obesity | Absence of central obesity | Incident oral cancer | HR 1.02 [0.95, 1.09] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Adults without oral cancer at baseline | High triglycerides | Absence of high triglycerides | Incident oral cancer | HR 1.07 [1.00, 1.14] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Adults without oral cancer at baseline | Low HDL cholesterol | Absence of low hdl cholesterol | Incident oral cancer | HR 0.98 [0.92, 1.06] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Adults without oral cancer at baseline | Hyperglycemia | Absence of hyperglycemia | Incident oral cancer | HR 1.22 [1.10, 1.36] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Adults without oral cancer at baseline | Hypertension | Absence of hypertension | Incident oral cancer | HR 1.19 [0.93, 1.51] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Adults without oral cancer at baseline | Metabolic syndrome components | Absence of corresponding component | Incident oral cancer Overall across component-specific datasets | HR 1.10 [1.02, 1.17] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
Included primary studies 4
Open in Studies| Study | Year | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Choe 2021 Influence of Metabolic Syndrome on Cancer Risk in HBV Carriers: A Nationwide Population Based Study Using the National Health Insurance… PMID:34072289 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Choi 2023 Association between oral cavity cancer and metabolic syndrome. PMID:36036310 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Lin 2025 Associations of combined lifestyle and metabolic risks with cancer incidence in the UK biobank study. PMID:40140964 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| van Kruijsdijk 2013 Cancer risk in patients with manifest vascular disease: effects of smoking, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. PMID:23677576 | 2013 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Adults aged 18 years or older without prior oral cancer at baseline | Adults in 4 cohorts (n=6,370,396): vascular disease patients, HBV carriers, general adult population |
| Intervention | Metabolic syndrome by NCEP-ATP III, IDF, AHA/NHLBI, JIS or other established criteria | MetS by NCEP-ATP III (n=2 studies), JIS (n=1), IDF (n=1); 1,848,191 (29.0%) with MetS |
| Comparison | Participants without metabolic syndrome | No MetS |
| Outcomes | Incident oral cancer (pathology, registry or validated diagnostic codes) | Incident oral cancer (n=4,539 cases), ICD-10 codes |
| Study designs | Prospective or retrospective longitudinal cohort studies | 2 prospective and 2 retrospective cohorts (n=4) |
| Timing | Not specified | Mean follow-up 5.5 to 11.7 years |