Non-Cochrane · aetiology · PM42652898
Association Between Cardiovascular Diseases and Lingual Varices: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
El Kanfoud-Ezzarraa Aya, Egido-Moreno Sonia, Mantinyan-Hakobyan Ani, et al. · Journal of clinical medicine · 2026 · PubMed · doi:10.3390/jcm15166495
Findings
7 findings
| Population | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participants in observational studies | Cardiovascular disease | No cardiovascular disease | Lingual varices | OR 4.54 [3.35, 6.17] Low Downgraded: imprecision 4 studies · 1623 participants |
| Adults across the 13 included studies | Not reported | None | Prevalence of lingual varices among participants with CVD Dental clinics, hospitals, nursing homes and pathology archives (Sweden, Jordan, Turkey, India, Italy, Iran, Brazil) · Participants with cardiovascular disease | Prevalence 47.2 GRADE not reported 13 studies · 2565 participants |
| Participants in observational studies | Hypertension | No hypertension | Lingual varices | OR 4.14 [1.66, 10.29] GRADE not reported 5 studies · 2690 participants |
| Participants in observational studies | Smoking | No smoking | Lingual varices | OR 3.06 [1.61, 5.82] GRADE not reported 4 studies · 2059 participants |
| Participants in observational studies | Women | Men | Lingual varices | OR 0.95 [0.67, 1.34] GRADE not reported 6 studies · 3758 participants |
| Participants in observational studies | Lower extremity varicose veins | No lower extremity varicose veins | Lingual varices | OR 1.64 [1.04, 2.58] GRADE not reported 3 studies · 2158 participants |
| Participants in observational studies | All participants | None | Lingual varices prevalence | Prevalence (%) 34.80 GRADE not reported 13 studies · 6322 participants |
Included primary studies 13
Open in Studies| Study | Year | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accardo 2021 Influence of hypertension and other risk factors on the onset of sublingual varices. PMID:33947378 | 2021 | this review only | PM42652898-P1-O4 | not extracted yet |
| Ahadian 2023 Is there any difference based on sublingual varices frequency between hypertensive patients and healthy persons? PMID:37710204 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Akkaya 2019 Evaluation of the factors associated with sublingual varices: a descriptive clinical study. PMID:30371931 | 2019 | this review only | Lingual varices; PM42652898-P1-O2; PM42652898-P1-O4; PM42652898-P1-O5 | not extracted yet |
| Al-Shayyab 2015 Sublingual varices in relation to smoking, cardiovascular diseases, denture wearing, and consuming vitamin rich foods. PMID:25737173 | 2015 | this review only | Lingual varices; PM42652898-P1-O3; PM42652898-P1-O4 | not extracted yet |
| Baharvand 2022 Sublingual varicosity as a possible indicator of hypertension. PMID:35225804 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Bergh 2022a The Association Between Sublingual Varices and Cardiovascular Risk Factors. PMID:35498559 | 2022 | this review only | PM42652898-P1-O2; PM42652898-P1-O3; PM42652898-P1-O4; PM42652898-P1-O5 | not extracted yet |
| Bergh 2022b Persistence and stability of sublingual varices over time and their connection to underlying factors: an 8 year follow up study. PMID:35953817 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Bergh 2024 Association of Sublingual Varices With Heart- and Cerebrovascular Disease. PMID:37743138 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Dos Santos 2024 Cross-sectional study of sublingual varicosities: systemic exposures. PMID:38112971 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Hedstrom 2010 Sublingual varices in relation to smoking and cardiovascular diseases. PMID:19540027 | 2010 | this review only | Lingual varices | not extracted yet |
| Hedstrom 2015 Is there a connection between sublingual varices and hypertension? PMID:26163474 | 2015 | this review only | PM42652898-P1-O2 | not extracted yet |
| Jafari 2022 Evaluation of Sublingual Varices Prevalence and Its Respective Factors in Two Iranian Nursing Homes in 2019. PMID:36035648 | 2022 | this review only | PM42652898-P1-O2; PM42652898-P1-O3; PM42652898-P1-O4; PM42652898-P1-O5 | not extracted yet |
| Shivakumar 2020 Assessing the correlation between sublingual varices and hypertension among the adults of Satara district, Maharashtra: An observational… DOI:10.4103/jioh.jioh_322_19 | 2020 | this review only | Lingual varices; PM42652898-P1-O2; PM42652898-P1-O3; PM42652898-P1-O4 | not extracted yet |
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Adult individuals assessed for presence or absence of lingual varices and cardiovascular outcomes | Adults; 6322 participants (3555 women, 2767 men); weighted mean age 58.6 years (n=13 studies) |
| Intervention | Presence of lingual varices (exposure) | Presence of lingual varices (moderate/severe or grade 1 harmonized to dichotomous; 2200 cases, 34.8%) |
| Comparison | Absence of lingual varices | Absence of lingual varices (grade 0, none or mild) |
| Outcomes | Cardiovascular disease (hypertension analyzed separately); other associated factors | CVD (4 studies); hypertension (5); smoking (4); sex (6); lower extremity varicose veins (3) |
| Study designs | Cohort and cross-sectional studies reporting data sufficient to calculate odds ratios | 11 cross-sectional studies and 2 cohort studies (n=13) |
| Timing | Not specified | Not specified |