Non-Cochrane · intervention · PM42652783

Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes of Calcium-Silicate-Based Materials in Primary-Tooth Pulpotomy: An Umbrella Review.

Ardila Carlos M, Vivares-Builes Anny M, Pineda-Vélez Eliana · Journal of clinical medicine · 2026 · PubMed · doi:10.3390/jcm15166379

Findings

Population Vital primary teeth (primary molars) undergoing pulpotomy

68 findings

BiodentineMTA (mineral trioxide aggregate)Radiographic success
6 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Nagendrababu et al. 2019
RR 0.99 [0.96, 1.02]
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
BiodentineMTA (mineral trioxide aggregate)Radiographic success
6 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Lu et al. 2025
RR 0.99 [0.97, 1.02]
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
BiodentineMTA (mineral trioxide aggregate)Radiographic success
12 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Stringhini Junior et al. 2019
RR 0.97 [0.92, 1.02]
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
BiodentineMTA (mineral trioxide aggregate)Radiographic failure
6 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Shafaee et al. 2019
Radiographic failure significantly higher with Biodentine than with MTA at 6 months (no estimates given)
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
BiodentineMTA (mineral trioxide aggregate)Radiographic success
12 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Nagendrababu et al. 2019
RR 1.02 [0.47, 2.21]
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
BiodentineMTA (mineral trioxide aggregate)Radiographic success
18 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Nagendrababu et al. 2019
RR 1.02 [0.91, 1.15]
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
BiodentineMTA (mineral trioxide aggregate)Clinical failure
<3 to >=18 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Shafaee et al. 2019
Clinical failure did not differ substantially between Biodentine and MTA (no estimates given)
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
BiodentineMTA (mineral trioxide aggregate)Clinical success
6 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Stringhini Junior et al. 2019
RR 0.99 [0.96, 1.02]
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
BiodentineMTA (mineral trioxide aggregate)Pulp canal obliteration
6, 12 and >=18 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Lu et al. 2025
No significant differences between Biodentine and MTA at 6, 12 and >=18 months (no effect estimates given in the umbrella review)
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
BiodentineMTA (mineral trioxide aggregate)Clinical success
12 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Nagendrababu et al. 2019
RR 1.0 [0.96, 1.05]
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
BiodentineMTA (mineral trioxide aggregate)Clinical success
18 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Stringhini Junior et al. 2019
RR 0.98 [0.92, 1.05]
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
BiodentineMTA (mineral trioxide aggregate)Radiographic failure
9-12 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Shafaee et al. 2019
Radiographic failure significantly higher with Biodentine than with MTA at 9-12 months (no estimates given)
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
BiodentineMTA (mineral trioxide aggregate)Radiographic success
18 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Stringhini Junior et al. 2019
RR 1.0 [0.91, 1.1]
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
BiodentineMTA (mineral trioxide aggregate)Radiographic success
6 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Stringhini Junior et al. 2019
RR 0.96 [0.92, 1.0]
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
BiodentineMTA (mineral trioxide aggregate)Clinical success
12 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Lu et al. 2025
RR 1.01 [0.97, 1.04]
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
BiodentineMTA (mineral trioxide aggregate)Clinical success
18 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Nagendrababu et al. 2019
RR 1.0 [0.93, 1.08]
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
BiodentineMTA (mineral trioxide aggregate)Radiographic success
12 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Lu et al. 2025
RR 1.0 [0.96, 1.03]
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
BiodentineMTA (mineral trioxide aggregate)Clinical success
6 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Nagendrababu et al. 2019
RR 1.0 [0.97, 1.02]
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
BiodentineMTA (mineral trioxide aggregate)Radiographic success
18 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Lu et al. 2025
RR 1.01 [0.94, 1.09]
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
BiodentineMTA (mineral trioxide aggregate)Clinical success
12 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Stringhini Junior et al. 2019
RR 1.01 [0.97, 1.04]
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
BiodentineMTA (mineral trioxide aggregate)Clinical success
6 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Lu et al. 2025
RR 1.0 [0.98, 1.02]
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
BiodentineMTA (mineral trioxide aggregate)Radiographic success
24 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Lu et al. 2025
RR 1.01 [0.94, 1.08]
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
BiodentineMTA (mineral trioxide aggregate)Clinical success
18 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Lu et al. 2025
RR 0.99 [0.95, 1.04]
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
BiodentineMTA (mineral trioxide aggregate)Root resorption
6, 12 and >=18 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Lu et al. 2025
No significant differences between Biodentine and MTA at 6, 12 and >=18 months (no effect estimates given in the umbrella review)
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
BiodentineMTA (mineral trioxide aggregate)Clinical success
24 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Lu et al. 2025
RR 1.0 [0.94, 1.07]
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
MTA (mineral trioxide aggregate)BiodentineRadiographic success
24 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Silva et al. 2024
No significant radiographic difference between MTA and Biodentine at 24 months (no estimates given)
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
MTA (mineral trioxide aggregate)BiodentineClinical success
6 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Xavier et al. 2024; ProRoot MTA vs Biodentine, primary teeth
RR 0.994 [0.952, 1.037]
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
MTA (mineral trioxide aggregate)BiodentineClinical and radiographic success
>=12 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Beldar et al. 2025
Comparative reporting of MTA vs Biodentine was not fully consistent within the review (no estimates given)
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
MTA (mineral trioxide aggregate)BiodentineRadiographic success
12 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Silva et al. 2024
Radiographic success favored MTA at 12 months (no estimates given)
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
MTA (mineral trioxide aggregate)BiodentineClinical success
3-24 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Albernaz Neves et al. 2025; MTA vs Biodentine within first- vs second-generation bioceramic analysis
Clinical RRs ranged from 0.98 to 1.01 across follow-up intervals; all comparisons non-significant
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
MTA (mineral trioxide aggregate)BiodentineClinical success
2 years · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Xavier et al. 2024; ProRoot MTA vs Biodentine, primary teeth
RR 1.011 [0.966, 1.058]
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
MTA (mineral trioxide aggregate)BiodentineClinical success
Review-level; follow-up through 24 months · Umbrella review synthesis across systematic reviews · Umbrella review GRADE-informed rating across contributing systematic reviews
Broadly comparable outcomes across eight quantitative reviews through 24 months
Low
Downgraded: risk of bias
Studies not reported
MTA (mineral trioxide aggregate)BiodentineRadiographic success
2 years · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Xavier et al. 2024; ProRoot MTA vs Biodentine, primary teeth
RR 1.007 [0.931, 1.089]
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
MTA (mineral trioxide aggregate)BiodentineRadiographic success
6 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Xavier et al. 2024; ProRoot MTA vs Biodentine, primary teeth
RR 1.002 [0.966, 1.04]
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
MTA (mineral trioxide aggregate)BiodentineRadiographic success
Review-level; follow-up through 24 months · Umbrella review synthesis across systematic reviews · Umbrella review GRADE-informed rating across contributing systematic reviews
Generally comparable; isolated findings favored MTA at selected follow-up intervals
Low
Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency
Studies not reported
MTA (mineral trioxide aggregate)BiodentineClinical success
6-24 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Silva et al. 2024
No significant clinical difference between MTA and Biodentine at any evaluated interval (no estimates given)
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
MTA (mineral trioxide aggregate)BiodentineRadiographic success
3-24 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Albernaz Neves et al. 2025; MTA vs Biodentine within first- vs second-generation bioceramic analysis
Radiographic RRs ranged from 0.96 to 1.01 across follow-up intervals; all comparisons non-significant
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
BiodentineFormocresolClinical success
12 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Firoozi et al. 2022; sensitivity analysis after influence analysis
RR 1.04 [0.98, 1.11]
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
BiodentineFormocresolClinical success
12 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Firoozi et al. 2022; primary analysis
RR 1.05 [1.003, 1.097]
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
BiodentineFormocresolRadiographic failure
<3 to >=18 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Shafaee et al. 2019
No substantial radiographic failure difference (no estimates given)
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
BiodentineFormocresolClinical success
Review-level; follow-up through 24 months · Umbrella review synthesis across systematic reviews · Umbrella review GRADE-informed rating across contributing systematic reviews
No consistent clinically relevant difference
Low
Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision
Studies not reported
BiodentineFormocresolClinical failure
<3 to >=18 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Shafaee et al. 2019
No substantial clinical failure difference (no estimates given)
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
BiodentineFormocresolRadiographic success
Review-level; follow-up through 24 months · Umbrella review synthesis across systematic reviews · Umbrella review GRADE-informed rating across contributing systematic reviews
Inconsistent across reviews
Low
Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency
Studies not reported
BiodentineFormocresolRadiographic success
6 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Firoozi et al. 2022
RR 1.12 [1.02, 1.23]
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
BiodentineFormocresolClinical success
6 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Firoozi et al. 2022
RR 1.03 [0.995, 1.062]
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
BiodentineFormocresolRadiographic success
12 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Firoozi et al. 2022
RR 1.14 [1.037, 1.25]
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
BiodentineFerric sulfateRadiographic failure
<3 to >=18 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Shafaee et al. 2019
No substantial radiographic failure difference (no estimates given)
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
BiodentineFerric sulfateClinical failure
<3 to >=18 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Shafaee et al. 2019
No substantial clinical failure difference (no estimates given)
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
BiodentineFerric sulfateRadiographic success
6 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Gopinath et al. 2022
RR 0.99 [0.88, 1.11]
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
BiodentineFerric sulfateClinical success
6 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Gopinath et al. 2022
RR 1.0 [0.95, 1.05]
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
BiodentineFerric sulfateClinical and radiographic success
Review-level; follow-up through 24 months · Umbrella review synthesis across systematic reviews · Umbrella review GRADE-informed rating across contributing systematic reviews
No consistent significant difference
Low
Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision
Studies not reported
MTA (mineral trioxide aggregate)Ferric sulfateClinical and radiographic success
>=12 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Beldar et al. 2025
The review authors reported higher clinical and radiographic success with MTA than ferric sulfate (no estimates reproduced in the umbrella review; review rated critically low confidence)
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
MTA (mineral trioxide aggregate)Ferric sulfateClinical success
24 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Gopinath et al. 2022
RR 0.98 [0.15, 6.34]
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
MTA (mineral trioxide aggregate)Ferric sulfateRadiographic success
24 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Gopinath et al. 2022
RR 0.74 [0.23, 2.43]
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
MTA (mineral trioxide aggregate)Ferric sulfateClinical and radiographic success
Review-level; follow-up through 24 months · Umbrella review synthesis across systematic reviews · Umbrella review GRADE-informed rating across contributing systematic reviews
Inconsistent review-level findings; no significant difference in one meta-analysis; whereas, another favored MTA
Very low
Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency
Studies not reported
Calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cementFerric sulfateRadiographic success
6 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Gopinath et al. 2022
RR 0.25 [0.03, 2.22]
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
Calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cementFerric sulfateRadiographic success
Review-level; follow-up through 24 months · Umbrella review synthesis across systematic reviews · Umbrella review GRADE-informed rating across contributing systematic reviews
No significant difference; sparse evidence
Very low
Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision
Studies not reported
MTA (mineral trioxide aggregate)Portland cementClinical and radiographic success
24 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Silva et al. 2024
No significant difference between MTA and Portland cement at 24 months (no estimates given)
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
MTA (mineral trioxide aggregate)Portland cementClinical and radiographic success
Review-level; follow-up through 24 months · Umbrella review synthesis across systematic reviews · Umbrella review GRADE-informed rating across contributing systematic reviews
No consistent significant difference
Low
Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision
Studies not reported
MTA (mineral trioxide aggregate)TheraCalClinical and radiographic success
12 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Silva et al. 2024
No significant difference between MTA and TheraCal at 12 months (no estimates given)
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
MTA (mineral trioxide aggregate)TheraCalClinical and radiographic success
Review-level; follow-up through 24 months · Umbrella review synthesis across systematic reviews · Umbrella review GRADE-informed rating across contributing systematic reviews
No consistent significant difference
Low
Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision
Studies not reported
First-generation bioceramics (MTA)Second-generation bioceramicsClinical and radiographic success
Through 24 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Albernaz Neves et al. 2025
No significant differences in clinical or radiographic success between first- and second-generation bioceramics through 24 months (no estimates given)
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
First-generation bioceramics (MTA)Second-generation bioceramicsClinical and radiographic success
Review-level; follow-up through 24 months · Umbrella review synthesis across systematic reviews · Umbrella review GRADE-informed rating across contributing systematic reviews
Broadly comparable outcomes
Low
Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision
Studies not reported
MTA (mineral trioxide aggregate)FormocresolClinical and radiographic success
>=12 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Beldar et al. 2025
The review authors reported higher clinical and radiographic success with MTA than formocresol (no estimates reproduced in the umbrella review; review rated critically low confidence)
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
MTA (mineral trioxide aggregate)Calcium hydroxideClinical and radiographic success
>=12 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Beldar et al. 2025
The review authors reported higher clinical and radiographic success with MTA than calcium hydroxide (no estimates reproduced in the umbrella review; review rated critically low confidence)
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
MTA (mineral trioxide aggregate)CEM and other calcium-silicate cementsClinical and radiographic success
>=12 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Beldar et al. 2025
The review authors reported comparable success between MTA and CEM or other calcium-silicate cements (no estimates reproduced in the umbrella review; review rated critically low confidence)
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
MTA (mineral trioxide aggregate)None (single-arm pooled success)Clinical success (pooled proportion)
>=12 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Beldar et al. 2025
Pooled success proportion (%) 97.02
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported
MTA (mineral trioxide aggregate)None (single-arm pooled success)Radiographic success (pooled proportion)
>=12 months · Systematic-review level (umbrella review); estimate reproduced from an included meta-analysis, not re-pooled · Estimate reported by Beldar et al. 2025
Pooled success proportion (%) 94.21
GRADE not reported
Studies not reported

Included primary studies 11

Open in Studies
StudyYearAlso included byOutcomes it informs hereTrial data
Albernaz Neves 2025
Systematic review and meta analysis of first and second generation bioceramic materials in primary dentition pulpotomies.
PMID:40374646
2025this review onlynot statednot extracted yet
Beldar 2025
Success of pulpotomy with MTA in primary teeth: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
PMID:41393478
2025this review onlynot statednot extracted yet
Bossu 2020
Different Pulp Dressing Materials for the Pulpotomy of Primary Teeth: A Systematic Review of the Literature.
PMID:32204501
2020this review onlynot statednot extracted yet
Firoozi 2022
Clinical and radiographic comparison of Biodentine and Formocresol: an updated meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis.
PMID:35596042
2022this review onlynot statednot extracted yet
Gopinath 2022
COMPARING THE CLINICAL AND RADIOGRAPHIC OUTCOMES OF PULPOTOMIES IN PRIMARY MOLARS USING BIOACTIVE ENDODONTIC MATERIALS AND FERRIC SULFATE…
PMID:36494111
2022this review onlynot statednot extracted yet
Lu 2025
EFFICACY OF BIODENTINE VERSUS MINERAL TRIOXIDE AGGREGATE IN PULPOTOMY FOR PRIMARY TEETH: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF…
PMID:41290279
2025this review onlynot statednot extracted yet
Nagendrababu 2019
Efficacy of Biodentine and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate in Primary Molar Pulpotomies-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis With Trial…
PMID:30926099
2019this review onlynot statednot extracted yet
Shafaee 2019
Comparison of the success rate of a bioactive dentin substitute with those of other root restoration materials in pulpotomy of primary…
PMID:31202439
2019this review onlynot statednot extracted yet
Silva 2024
Success of Primary Teeth Pulpotomy Using Calcium Silicate Cements: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.
PMID:40036838
2024this review onlynot statednot extracted yet
Stringhini Junior 2019
MTA and biodentine for primary teeth pulpotomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.
PMID:30238414
2019this review onlynot statednot extracted yet
Xavier 2024
Calcium Silicate-Based Cements in Restorative Dentistry: Vital Pulp Therapy Clinical, Radiographic, and Histological Outcomes on Deciduous…
PMID:39274654
2024this review onlynot statednot extracted yet

Review question

ElementPlanned (methods)Found (results)
PopulationVital primary teeth or primary molars undergoing pulpotomy; mixed dentitions eligible only when primary-tooth findings reported separatelyVital primary molars undergoing pulpotomy (11 systematic reviews; 78 unique primary-study reports; 180 occurrences)
InterventionPulpotomy with calcium-silicate-based materials (MTA, Biodentine, NeoMTA and other bioactive calcium-silicate cements)MTA, Biodentine, CEM, Portland cement, TheraCal, first- and second-generation bioceramics (11 reviews)
ComparisonConventional pulpotomy medicaments (formocresol, ferric sulfate, calcium hydroxide) or other calcium-silicate-based materialsFormocresol, ferric sulfate, calcium hydroxide, other calcium-silicate materials
OutcomesClinical success and radiographic success (primary); treatment failure, adverse events, need for retreatment (additional)Clinical success, radiographic success, clinical and radiographic failure, root resorption, pulp canal obliteration (10 reviews with quantitative synthesis; 1 descriptive)
Study designsSystematic reviews with or without meta-analysis of randomized or non-randomized human clinical intervention studies11 systematic reviews (10 with meta-analysis of RCTs or clinical trials; 1 descriptive synthesis)
TimingNot specifiedFollow-up 3 to 24 months