Non-Cochrane · other · PM42476300
Birth Weight in Infants with a Cleft Lip and/or Palate: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Ormanidou Ioanna, Kinter Sara, Denno Donna M, et al. · The Journal of pediatrics · 2026 · PubMed · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2026.115244
Findings
27 findings
| Population | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infants with any type of cleft lip and/or palate | Orofacial cleft (birth status) | None (single-group pooled mean) | Birthweight (g), mean At birth · Hospital, registry and population-based samples worldwide · Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis of adjusted model | Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis: pooled birthweight range 3363g to 3434g, within the 95% CI of the original estimate (range of re-estimated adjusted pooled means; no single pooled estimate) GRADE not reported 39 studies |
| Infants with any type of cleft lip and/or palate | Orofacial cleft (birth status) | None (single-group pooled mean) | Birthweight (g), mean At birth · Hospital, registry and population-based samples worldwide · Unadjusted model, all types of cleft | Mean (g) 3143 [3056, 3231] GRADE not reported 39 studies · 25991 participants |
| Infants with any type of cleft lip and/or palate | Orofacial cleft | General population matched by country/region and study period | Low birthweight (<2500 g), prevalence At birth · Hospital, registry and population-based samples worldwide · Unadjusted prevalence ratio vs general population | Prevalence ratio 1.65 [1.34, 1.97] GRADE not reported 19 studies |
| Infants with cleft, stratified by cleft type | Orofacial cleft (birth status) | Cleft type vs CL/P reference | Birthweight (g), mean At birth · Hospital, registry and population-based samples worldwide · Cleft type: CP +/- L (model adjusted for cleft type only) | Mean (g) 3228 [2692, 3567] GRADE not reported 6 studies |
| Infants with cleft, stratified by cleft type | Orofacial cleft (birth status) | Cleft type vs CL/P reference | Birthweight (g), mean At birth · Hospital, registry and population-based samples worldwide · Cleft type: CL +/- P (model adjusted for cleft type only) | Mean (g) 3129 [3009, 3446] GRADE not reported 1 study |
| Infants with cleft, stratified by cleft type | Orofacial cleft (birth status) | Cleft type vs CL/P reference | Birthweight (g), mean At birth · Hospital, registry and population-based samples worldwide · Cleft type: CP (model adjusted for cleft type only) | Mean (g) 3148 [3008, 3287] GRADE not reported 13 studies |
| Infants with cleft, stratified by cleft type | Orofacial cleft (birth status) | Cleft type vs CL/P reference | Birthweight (g), mean At birth · Hospital, registry and population-based samples worldwide · Cleft type: CLP (model adjusted for cleft type only) | Mean (g) 3167 [3041, 3294] GRADE not reported 16 studies |
| Infants with cleft, stratified by cleft type | Orofacial cleft (birth status) | Cleft type vs CL/P reference | Birthweight (g), mean At birth · Hospital, registry and population-based samples worldwide · Cleft type: CL (model adjusted for cleft type only) | Mean (g) 3226 [3061, 3390] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| Infants with cleft, stratified by cleft type | Orofacial cleft (birth status) | Cleft type vs CL/P reference | Birthweight (g), mean At birth · Hospital, registry and population-based samples worldwide · Cleft type: CL/P (reference) (model adjusted for cleft type only) | Mean (g) 3066 [2947, 3185] GRADE not reported 17 studies |
| Infants with cleft, stratified by country income status | Orofacial cleft (birth status) | LMIC vs high-income country (HIC) reference | Birthweight (g), mean At birth · Hospital, registry and population-based samples worldwide · Country income status: HIC (reference) (model adjusted for country income only) | Mean (g) 3250 [3171, 3329] GRADE not reported 27 studies |
| Infants with cleft, stratified by country income status | Orofacial cleft (birth status) | LMIC vs high-income country (HIC) reference | Birthweight (g), mean At birth · Hospital, registry and population-based samples worldwide · Country income status: LMIC (model adjusted for country income only) | Mean (g) 2905 [2790, 3019] GRADE not reported 13 studies |
| Infants with cleft, stratified by country income status | Low- or middle-income country (LMIC) | High-income country (HIC) | Birthweight (g), difference in mean At birth · Hospital, registry and population-based samples worldwide · Unadjusted difference LMIC vs HIC | MD (g) -346 GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Infants with cleft, stratified by comorbidity status | Comorbidity (did not exclude comorbid conditions) | No comorbidity (explicitly excluded) | Birthweight (g), difference in mean At birth · Hospital, registry and population-based samples worldwide · Unadjusted difference with vs without comorbidity | MD (g) -433 GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Infants with cleft, stratified by comorbidity status | Orofacial cleft (birth status) | Comorbidity vs no comorbidity reference | Birthweight (g), mean At birth · Hospital, registry and population-based samples worldwide · Comorbidity status: Comorbidity (Y) (model adjusted for comorbidity only) | Mean (g) 2939 [2828, 3050] GRADE not reported 21 studies |
| Infants with cleft, stratified by comorbidity status | Orofacial cleft (birth status) | Comorbidity vs no comorbidity reference | Birthweight (g), mean At birth · Hospital, registry and population-based samples worldwide · Comorbidity status: No comorbidity (N, reference) (model adjusted for comorbidity only) | Mean (g) 3372 [3259, 3486] GRADE not reported 18 studies |
| Infants with cleft, stratified by comorbidity status | Orofacial cleft (birth status) | Comorbidity vs no comorbidity reference | Birthweight (g), mean At birth · Hospital, registry and population-based samples worldwide · Comorbidity status: Comorbidity information not provided (NA) (model adjusted for comorbidity only) | Mean (g) 3185 [2836, 3534] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Infants with cleft, multivariable stratum | Orofacial cleft (birth status) | Reference stratum: CL/P, high-income country, no comorbidity | Birthweight (g), mean At birth · Hospital, registry and population-based samples worldwide · Adjusted for cleft type, country income status and comorbidity status: cleft type CL +/- P; HIC; comorbidity N | Mean (g) 3386 [3163, 3608] GRADE not reported 1 study |
| Infants with cleft, multivariable stratum | Orofacial cleft (birth status) | Reference stratum: CL/P, high-income country, no comorbidity | Birthweight (g), mean At birth · Hospital, registry and population-based samples worldwide · Adjusted for cleft type, country income status and comorbidity status: cleft type CL; HIC; comorbidity N | Mean (g) 3438 [3307, 3570] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Infants with cleft, multivariable stratum | Orofacial cleft (birth status) | Reference stratum: CL/P, high-income country, no comorbidity | Birthweight (g), mean At birth · Hospital, registry and population-based samples worldwide · Adjusted for cleft type, country income status and comorbidity status: cleft type CLP; HIC; comorbidity N | Mean (g) 3425 [3306, 3546] GRADE not reported 6 studies |
| Infants with cleft, multivariable stratum | Orofacial cleft (birth status) | Reference stratum: CL/P, high-income country, no comorbidity | Birthweight (g), mean At birth · Hospital, registry and population-based samples worldwide · Adjusted for cleft type, country income status and comorbidity status: cleft type CL/P; HIC; comorbidity N | Mean (g) 3405 [3285, 3525] GRADE not reported 5 studies |
| Infants with cleft, multivariable stratum | Orofacial cleft (birth status) | Reference stratum: CL/P, high-income country, no comorbidity | Birthweight (g), mean At birth · Hospital, registry and population-based samples worldwide · Adjusted for cleft type, country income status and comorbidity status: cleft type CP; HIC; comorbidity N | Mean (g) 3382 [3256, 3508] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Infants with cleft, multivariable model | Low- or middle-income country (LMIC) | Reference group (CL/P, HIC, no comorbidity) | Birthweight (g), adjusted difference in mean At birth · Hospital, registry and population-based samples worldwide · Adjusted for cleft type and comorbidity status Unresolved: the two extractors disagree on this row. | MD (g) -221 GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Infants with cleft, multivariable model | Comorbidity (did not exclude comorbid conditions) | Reference group (CL/P, HIC, no comorbidity) | Birthweight (g), adjusted difference in mean At birth · Hospital, registry and population-based samples worldwide · Adjusted for cleft type and country income status Unresolved: the two extractors disagree on this row. | MD (g) -401 GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| Infants with cleft, multivariable stratum | Orofacial cleft (birth status) | Reference stratum: CL/P, high-income country, no comorbidity | Birthweight (g), mean At birth · Hospital, registry and population-based samples worldwide · Adjusted for cleft type, country income status and comorbidity status: cleft type CL/P; HIC; comorbidity Y | Mean (g) 3004 [2886, 3122] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| Infants with cleft, multivariable stratum | Orofacial cleft (birth status) | Reference stratum: CL/P, high-income country, no comorbidity | Birthweight (g), mean At birth · Hospital, registry and population-based samples worldwide · Adjusted for cleft type, country income status and comorbidity status: cleft type CL/P; HIC; comorbidity NA | Mean (g) 3239 [2924, 3553] GRADE not reported 6 studies |
| Infants with cleft, multivariable stratum | Orofacial cleft (birth status) | Reference stratum: CL/P, high-income country, no comorbidity | Birthweight (g), mean At birth · Hospital, registry and population-based samples worldwide · Adjusted for cleft type, country income status and comorbidity status: cleft type CL/P; LMIC; comorbidity N | Mean (g) 3184 [3043, 3325] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Infants with cleft, multivariable stratum | Orofacial cleft (birth status) | Reference stratum: CL/P, high-income country, no comorbidity | Birthweight (g), mean At birth · Hospital, registry and population-based samples worldwide · Adjusted for cleft type, country income status and comorbidity status: cleft type CP +/- L; HIC; comorbidity N | Mean (g) 3515 [3115, 3716] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
Included primary studies 61
Open in Studies| Study | Year | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abdilahi 2024 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Adams 2024 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Andrade 2018 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Angulo Castro 2017 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Avedian 1980 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Beaumont 2008 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Brine 1994 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Castilla 1999 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Duncan 1983 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Erdost 2024 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Farshidfar 2023 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Filip 2015 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Forrester 2007 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Francisco 2021 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Gonzalez 2008 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Hagberg 1998 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Harris 2010 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Heisecke 2022 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Jamilian 2007 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Jaruratanasirikul 2008 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Jensen 1988 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Jeon 2023 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kariyawasam 2021 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kaye 2017 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kianfar 2015 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kondra 2022 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Laager 2024 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Laitinen 1994 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Lilius 2009 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Lindberg 2023 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Luijsterburg 2011 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Lustosa-Mendes 2021 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Malic 2020 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Masarei 2007 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| McHeik 2010 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Melve 2002 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Monlleo 2015 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Naros 2021 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ndem 2024 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Nyarko 2013 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ogawa 2023 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Pavri 2013 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Penny 2022 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Prezelski 2024 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ranalli 1975 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Razzaghi 2015 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Richard 1994 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Rintala 1967 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Sarmiento 2018 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Seth 1988 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Shay 2024 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Silva 2018 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Smit 2020 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Spry 1975 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Tahmasebifard 2024 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Tungotyo 2017 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Verma 2021 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Wagener 2003 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Wyszynski 2001 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Wyszynski 2003 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Zarate 2010 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Infants with cleft lip and/or palate (studies with n>=20; Robin sequence studies only if >=95% had cleft palate) | Infants with cleft; 39 studies (66 effect sizes, n=25,991) for mean birthweight; 19 studies for low birthweight prevalence |
| Intervention | Presence of orofacial cleft (cleft lip, cleft palate, cleft lip and palate); covariates cleft type, comorbidity status, country income status | Cleft lip and/or palate; CL; CLP; CP; CL with/without P; CP with/without L |
| Comparison | General population low birthweight proportion (matched by country/region and period); reference group CL/P in high-income countries without comorbidities | General population (low birthweight); reference group CL/P, high-income, no comorbidity |
| Outcomes | Mean birthweight (g); low birthweight (<2500 g) | Mean birthweight 3143 g unadjusted (3056, 3231); 3405 g adjusted reference group (3285, 3525); low birthweight prevalence ratio 1.65 (1.34, 1.97) |
| Study designs | Any study design reporting birthweight in infants with cleft; English-language only | 63 studies (retrospective cohort 48%, cross-sectional 30%, plus case-control, prospective cohort, RCT, quasi-experimental), 1949 to 2022 |
| Timing | Birth | Birth |