Non-Cochrane · umbrella;prognostic · PM42270944
Dental caries and periodontal status in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: an umbrella review.
Pappa Athanasia, Koromantzos Panagiotis, Seremidi Kyriaki, et al. · European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry · 2026 · PubMed · doi:10.1007/s40368-026-01224-9
Findings
32 findings
| Population | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Children and adolescents (up to 19 years) with type 1 diabetes mellitus | Type 1 diabetes mellitus (exposure) | Systemically healthy age- and gender-matched controls | DT (decayed permanent teeth) Pooled in included review: Nassar 2024 | MD 0.03 [-0.56, 0.62] GRADE not reported 10 studies |
| Children and adolescents (up to 19 years) with type 1 diabetes mellitus | Type 1 diabetes mellitus (exposure) | Systemically healthy age- and gender-matched controls | DMFS (permanent dentition) Pooled in included review: Nassar 2024 | MD -8.24 [-23.77, 7.29] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Children and adolescents (up to 19 years) with type 1 diabetes mellitus | Type 1 diabetes mellitus (exposure) | Systemically healthy age- and gender-matched controls | Bleeding on probing (BoP) Pooled in included review: Zainal Abidin 2021 | SMD 0.32 [0.07, 0.58] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Children and adolescents (up to 19 years) with type 1 diabetes mellitus | Type 1 diabetes mellitus (exposure) | Systemically healthy age- and gender-matched controls | Probing pocket depth (PPD) Pooled in included review: Jensen 2021 | SMD 0.55 [0.22, 0.87] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| Children and adolescents (up to 19 years) with type 1 diabetes mellitus | Type 1 diabetes mellitus (exposure) | Systemically healthy age- and gender-matched controls | Bleeding on probing (BoP) Pooled in included review: Jensen 2021 | SMD 0.61 [0.4, 0.82] GRADE not reported 12 studies |
| Children and adolescents (up to 19 years) with type 1 diabetes mellitus | Type 1 diabetes mellitus (exposure) | Systemically healthy age- and gender-matched controls | Clinical attachment loss (CAL) Pooled in included review: Jensen 2021 | SMD 0.54 [0.29, 0.78] GRADE not reported 7 studies |
| Children and adolescents (up to 19 years) with type 1 diabetes mellitus | Type 1 diabetes mellitus (exposure) | Systemically healthy age- and gender-matched controls | Calculus index Pooled in included review: Triebl 2024 | MD 0.04 [0.0, 0.09] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Children and adolescents (up to 19 years) with type 1 diabetes mellitus | Type 1 diabetes mellitus (exposure) | Systemically healthy age- and gender-matched controls | Calculus index Pooled in included review: Zainal Abidin 2021 | SMD 0.5 [-0.03, 1.04] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Children and adolescents (up to 19 years) with type 1 diabetes mellitus | Type 1 diabetes mellitus (exposure) | Systemically healthy age- and gender-matched controls | DMFT (permanent dentition) Pooled in included review: Ta 2025 | SMD 1.02 [-0.19, 2.22] GRADE not reported 5 studies |
| Children and adolescents (up to 19 years) with type 1 diabetes mellitus | Type 1 diabetes mellitus (exposure) | Systemically healthy age- and gender-matched controls | FS (filled permanent surfaces) Pooled in included review: Nassar 2024 | MD 0.25 [-0.47, 0.98] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Children and adolescents (up to 19 years) with type 1 diabetes mellitus | Type 1 diabetes mellitus (exposure) | Systemically healthy age- and gender-matched controls | dmft (primary dentition) Pooled in included review: Nassar 2024 | MD -1.08 [-1.89, -0.26] GRADE not reported 5 studies |
| Children and adolescents (up to 19 years) with type 1 diabetes mellitus | Type 1 diabetes mellitus (exposure) | Systemically healthy age- and gender-matched controls | Calculus index Pooled in included review: Nassar 2024 | MD 0.01 [-0.1, 0.13] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Children and adolescents (up to 19 years) with type 1 diabetes mellitus | Type 1 diabetes mellitus (exposure) | Systemically healthy age- and gender-matched controls | dmft (primary dentition) Pooled in included review: Liu 2021 | SMD -0.43 [-0.71, -0.15] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Children and adolescents (up to 19 years) with type 1 diabetes mellitus | Type 1 diabetes mellitus (exposure) | Systemically healthy age- and gender-matched controls | Bleeding on probing (BoP) Pooled in included review: Rapone 2020 | SMD 0.65 [0.08, 1.23] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Children and adolescents (up to 19 years) with type 1 diabetes mellitus | Type 1 diabetes mellitus (exposure) | Systemically healthy age- and gender-matched controls | Probing pocket depth (PPD) Pooled in included review: Rapone 2020 | SMD 0.36 [0.16, 0.55] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Children and adolescents (up to 19 years) with type 1 diabetes mellitus | Type 1 diabetes mellitus (exposure) | Systemically healthy age- and gender-matched controls | Plaque index (PI) Pooled in included review: Jensen 2021 | SMD 0.45 [0.21, 0.7] GRADE not reported 20 studies |
| Children and adolescents (up to 19 years) with type 1 diabetes mellitus | Type 1 diabetes mellitus (exposure) | Systemically healthy age- and gender-matched controls | DFT (decayed and filled permanent teeth) Pooled in included review: Nassar 2024 | MD -0.16 [-0.56, 0.25] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Children and adolescents (up to 19 years) with type 1 diabetes mellitus | Type 1 diabetes mellitus (exposure) | Systemically healthy age- and gender-matched controls | MT (missing permanent teeth) Pooled in included review: Nassar 2024 | MD -0.03 [-0.03, -0.03] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| Children and adolescents (up to 19 years) with type 1 diabetes mellitus | Type 1 diabetes mellitus (exposure) | Systemically healthy age- and gender-matched controls | MS (missing permanent surfaces) Pooled in included review: Nassar 2024 | MD 0.06 [-0.11, 0.23] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Children and adolescents (up to 19 years) with type 1 diabetes mellitus | Type 1 diabetes mellitus (exposure) | Systemically healthy age- and gender-matched controls | DMFS (permanent dentition) Pooled in included review: Liu 2021 | SMD 0.09 [-0.2, 0.38] GRADE not reported 5 studies |
| Children and adolescents (up to 19 years) with type 1 diabetes mellitus | Type 1 diabetes mellitus (exposure) | Systemically healthy age- and gender-matched controls | dmft (primary dentition) Pooled in included review: Coelho 2020 | MD 0.53 [-0.2, 1.26] GRADE not reported 11 studies |
| Children and adolescents (up to 19 years) with type 1 diabetes mellitus | Type 1 diabetes mellitus (exposure) | Systemically healthy age- and gender-matched controls | FT (filled permanent teeth) Pooled in included review: Nassar 2024 | MD 0.18 [-0.09, 0.45] GRADE not reported 11 studies |
| Children and adolescents (up to 19 years) with type 1 diabetes mellitus | Type 1 diabetes mellitus (exposure) | Systemically healthy age- and gender-matched controls | DS (decayed permanent surfaces) Pooled in included review: Nassar 2024 | MD -0.26 [-1.18, 0.66] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Children and adolescents (up to 19 years) with type 1 diabetes mellitus | Type 1 diabetes mellitus (exposure) | Systemically healthy age- and gender-matched controls | DMFT (permanent dentition) Pooled in included review: Liu 2021 | SMD 0.61 [0.14, 1.08] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| Children and adolescents (up to 19 years) with type 1 diabetes mellitus | Type 1 diabetes mellitus (exposure) | Systemically healthy age- and gender-matched controls | Gingival index (GI) Pooled in included review: Jensen 2021 | SMD 0.51 [0.28, 0.74] GRADE not reported 18 studies |
| Children and adolescents (up to 19 years) with type 1 diabetes mellitus | Type 1 diabetes mellitus (exposure) | Systemically healthy age- and gender-matched controls | Plaque index (PI) Pooled in included review: Triebl 2024 | MD 0.17 [-0.4, 0.74] GRADE not reported 7 studies |
| Children and adolescents (up to 19 years) with type 1 diabetes mellitus | Type 1 diabetes mellitus (exposure) | Systemically healthy age- and gender-matched controls | Gingival index (GI) Pooled in included review: Nassar 2024 | MD 0.17 [-0.08, 0.41] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| Children and adolescents (up to 19 years) with type 1 diabetes mellitus | Type 1 diabetes mellitus (exposure) | Systemically healthy age- and gender-matched controls | Plaque index (PI) Pooled in included review: Nassar 2024 | MD 0.47 [0.06, 0.89] GRADE not reported 9 studies |
| Children and adolescents (up to 19 years) with type 1 diabetes mellitus | Type 1 diabetes mellitus (exposure) | Systemically healthy age- and gender-matched controls | Gingival index (GI) Pooled in included review: Triebl 2024 | MD 0.05 [-0.01, 0.11] GRADE not reported 7 studies |
| Children and adolescents (up to 19 years) with type 1 diabetes mellitus | Type 1 diabetes mellitus (exposure) | Systemically healthy age- and gender-matched controls | DMFT (permanent dentition) Pooled in included review: Triebl 2024 | SMD 0.41 [0.03, 0.78] GRADE not reported 17 studies |
| Children and adolescents (up to 19 years) with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus (HbA1c >7.5-8%) | Type 1 diabetes mellitus (exposure) | Systemically healthy age- and gender-matched controls | DMFT (permanent dentition) Pooled in included review: Triebl 2024 | MD 1.46 [0.57, 2.35] GRADE not reported 5 studies |
| Children and adolescents (up to 19 years) with well-controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus (HbA1c <7.5-8%) | Type 1 diabetes mellitus (exposure) | Systemically healthy age- and gender-matched controls | DMFT (permanent dentition) Pooled in included review: Triebl 2024 | MD 0.26 [-0.5, 1.03] GRADE not reported 5 studies |
Included primary studies 11
Open in Studies| Study | Year | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abduldaiem 2023 The Effect of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus on Children's Primary Teeth: A Systematic Review DOI:10.36348/sjodr.2023.v08i12.004 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| AlJaafary 2024 Epidemiology of Periodontal Diseases in Individuals With Diabetes in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review. PMID:39318963 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Coelho 2020 Dental caries, diabetes mellitus, metabolic control and diabetes duration: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PMID:31912978 | 2020 | this review only | dmft (primary dentition) | not extracted yet |
| Ismail 2015 Oral health of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review. PMID:25817182 | 2015 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Jensen 2021 Periodontal risk markers in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PMID:32558110 | 2021 | this review only | Bleeding on probing (BoP); Probing pocket depth (PPD); Plaque index (PI); Gingival index (GI); Clinical attachment loss (CAL) | not extracted yet |
| Liu 2021 Caries Status and Salivary Alterations of Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. PMID:34051961 | 2021 | this review only | dmft (primary dentition); DMFT (permanent dentition); DMFS (permanent dentition) | not extracted yet |
| Nassar 2024 Association between type 1 diabetes mellitus and dental caries: A systematic review and meta-analysis DOI:10.1016/j.dentre.2024.100088 | 2024 | this review only | dmft (primary dentition); DFT (decayed and filled permanent teeth); Plaque index (PI); Gingival index (GI); Calculus index; DMFS (permanent dentition); DT (decayed permanent teeth); DS (decayed permanent surfaces); FT (filled permanent teeth); FS (filled permanent surfaces); MT (missing permanent teeth); MS (missing permanent surfaces) | not extracted yet |
| Rapone 2020 Does Periodontal Inflammation Affect Type 1 Diabetes in Childhood and Adolescence? A Meta-Analysis. PMID:32431669 | 2020 | this review only | Bleeding on probing (BoP); Probing pocket depth (PPD) | not extracted yet |
| Ta 2025 Changes in the caries-associated microbiota and caries experience in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review… PMID:39879679 | 2025 | this review only | DMFT (permanent dentition) | not extracted yet |
| Triebl 2024 Poor glycemic control impairs oral health in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus - a systematic review and meta-analysis. PMID:38943074 | 2024 | this review only | Plaque index (PI); Gingival index (GI); Calculus index; DMFT (permanent dentition) | not extracted yet |
| Zainal Abidin 2021 Periodontal health status of children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PMID:33864280 | 2021 | this review only | Bleeding on probing (BoP); Calculus index | not extracted yet |
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Children and adolescents up to 19 years with T1DM | Children and adolescents with T1DM (n=11 systematic reviews; 82 unique primary studies) |
| Intervention | Type 1 diabetes mellitus (exposure) | Type 1 diabetes mellitus |
| Comparison | Age and gender matched systemically healthy controls | Systemically healthy controls |
| Outcomes | Prevalence of dental caries (DMFT/dmft, DT, MT) and periodontal disease (PI, GI, calculus index, BoP, OHI, other periodontal indices) | DMFT, DMFS, dmft, DT, DS, FT, FS, MT, MS, DFT (caries); PI, GI, BoP, PPD, CAL, calculus index, OHI-s (periodontal); 8 reviews with meta-analysis |
| Study designs | Systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis of cross-sectional, case series, case-control or cohort studies | Eleven systematic reviews (8 with meta-analysis); primary studies mostly cross-sectional |
| Timing | Not specified | Not specified |