Non-Cochrane · DTA · PM41827924
Diagnostic Accuracy of Raman Spectroscopy for Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Xiang Xiting, Li Xing, Zhu Zhihui, et al. · Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026 · PubMed · doi:10.3390/diagnostics16050648
Findings
38 findings
| Population | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Samples/patients with OPMDs versus normal oral mucosa | Raman spectroscopy (micro-Raman or fiber-Raman) as index test | Histopathological diagnosis as reference standard; normal oral mucosa as reference group | DOR (diagnostic accuracy) Ex vivo/in vivo oral tissue and body-fluid samples · Raman type: Fiber | DOR 46.994 [15.2, 145.291] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| Samples/patients with OPMDs versus normal oral mucosa | Raman spectroscopy (micro-Raman or fiber-Raman) as index test | Histopathological diagnosis as reference standard; normal oral mucosa as reference group | FPR (diagnostic accuracy) Ex vivo/in vivo oral tissue and body-fluid samples · Raman type: Fiber | FPR 0.083 [0.023, 0.263] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| Samples/patients with OPMDs versus normal oral mucosa | Raman spectroscopy (micro-Raman or fiber-Raman) as index test | Histopathological diagnosis as reference standard; normal oral mucosa as reference group | Specificity (diagnostic accuracy) Ex vivo/in vivo oral tissue and body-fluid samples · Sample type: Other | Specificity 0.801 [0.45, 0.952] GRADE not reported 5 studies |
| Samples/patients with OPMDs versus normal oral mucosa | Raman spectroscopy (micro-Raman or fiber-Raman) as index test | Histopathological diagnosis as reference standard; normal oral mucosa as reference group | NLR (diagnostic accuracy) Ex vivo/in vivo oral tissue and body-fluid samples · Raman type: Fiber | NLR 0.207 [0.145, 0.294] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| Samples/patients with OPMDs versus normal oral mucosa | Raman spectroscopy (micro-Raman or fiber-Raman) as index test | Histopathological diagnosis as reference standard; normal oral mucosa as reference group | DOR (diagnostic accuracy) Ex vivo/in vivo oral tissue and body-fluid samples · Sample type: Tissue | DOR 70.957 [19.304, 260.824] GRADE not reported 6 studies |
| Samples/patients with OPMDs versus normal oral mucosa | Raman spectroscopy (micro-Raman or fiber-Raman) as index test | Histopathological diagnosis as reference standard; normal oral mucosa as reference group | NLR (diagnostic accuracy) Ex vivo/in vivo oral tissue and body-fluid samples · Raman type: Micro | NLR 0.1 [0.05, 0.199] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Samples/patients with OPMDs versus normal oral mucosa | Raman spectroscopy (micro-Raman or fiber-Raman) as index test | Histopathological diagnosis as reference standard; normal oral mucosa as reference group | PLR (diagnostic accuracy) Ex vivo/in vivo oral tissue and body-fluid samples · Sample type: Other | PLR 4.444 [1.291, 15.297] GRADE not reported 5 studies |
| Samples/patients with OPMDs versus normal oral mucosa | Raman spectroscopy (micro-Raman or fiber-Raman) as index test | Histopathological diagnosis as reference standard; normal oral mucosa as reference group | FPR (diagnostic accuracy) Ex vivo/in vivo oral tissue and body-fluid samples · Sample type: Tissue | FPR 0.055 [0.012, 0.21] GRADE not reported 6 studies |
| Samples/patients with OPMDs versus normal oral mucosa | Raman spectroscopy (micro-Raman or fiber-Raman) as index test | Histopathological diagnosis as reference standard; normal oral mucosa as reference group | FPR (diagnostic accuracy) Ex vivo/in vivo oral tissue and body-fluid samples · Sample type: Other | FPR 0.199 [0.048, 0.55] GRADE not reported 5 studies |
| Samples/patients with OPMDs versus normal oral mucosa | Raman spectroscopy (micro-Raman or fiber-Raman) as index test | Histopathological diagnosis as reference standard; normal oral mucosa as reference group | Specificity (diagnostic accuracy) Ex vivo/in vivo oral tissue and body-fluid samples | Specificity 0.9 [0.733, 0.967] GRADE not reported 11 studies |
| Samples/patients with OPMDs versus normal oral mucosa | Raman spectroscopy (micro-Raman or fiber-Raman) as index test | Histopathological diagnosis as reference standard; normal oral mucosa as reference group | DOR (diagnostic accuracy) Ex vivo/in vivo oral tissue and body-fluid samples · Raman type: Micro | DOR 58.584 [9.251, 371.016] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Samples/patients with OPMDs versus normal oral mucosa | Raman spectroscopy (micro-Raman or fiber-Raman) as index test | Histopathological diagnosis as reference standard; normal oral mucosa as reference group | NLR (diagnostic accuracy) Ex vivo/in vivo oral tissue and body-fluid samples · Sample type: Other | NLR 0.144 [0.084, 0.247] GRADE not reported 5 studies |
| Samples/patients with OPMDs versus normal oral mucosa | Raman spectroscopy (micro-Raman or fiber-Raman) as index test | Histopathological diagnosis as reference standard; normal oral mucosa as reference group | DOR (diagnostic accuracy) Ex vivo/in vivo oral tissue and body-fluid samples · Sample type: Other | DOR 30.798 [7.836, 121.055] GRADE not reported 5 studies |
| Samples/patients with OPMDs versus normal oral mucosa | Raman spectroscopy (micro-Raman or fiber-Raman) as index test | Histopathological diagnosis as reference standard; normal oral mucosa as reference group | PLR (diagnostic accuracy) Ex vivo/in vivo oral tissue and body-fluid samples · Raman type: Fiber | PLR 9.709 [2.941, 32.057] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| Samples/patients with OPMDs versus normal oral mucosa | Raman spectroscopy (micro-Raman or fiber-Raman) as index test | Histopathological diagnosis as reference standard; normal oral mucosa as reference group | Sensitivity (diagnostic accuracy) Ex vivo/in vivo oral tissue and body-fluid samples · Sample type: Other | Sensitivity 0.884 [0.79, 0.94] GRADE not reported 5 studies |
| Samples/patients with OPMDs versus normal oral mucosa | Raman spectroscopy (micro-Raman or fiber-Raman) as index test | Histopathological diagnosis as reference standard; normal oral mucosa as reference group | Sensitivity (diagnostic accuracy) Ex vivo/in vivo oral tissue and body-fluid samples · Raman type: Fiber | Sensitivity 0.811 [0.721, 0.876] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| Samples/patients with OPMDs versus normal oral mucosa | Raman spectroscopy (micro-Raman or fiber-Raman) as index test | Histopathological diagnosis as reference standard; normal oral mucosa as reference group | FPR (diagnostic accuracy) Ex vivo/in vivo oral tissue and body-fluid samples · Raman type: Micro | FPR 0.157 [0.02, 0.625] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Samples/patients with OPMDs versus normal oral mucosa | Raman spectroscopy (micro-Raman or fiber-Raman) as index test | Histopathological diagnosis as reference standard; normal oral mucosa as reference group | PLR (diagnostic accuracy) Ex vivo/in vivo oral tissue and body-fluid samples · Sample type: Tissue | PLR 14.721 [3.687, 58.783] GRADE not reported 6 studies |
| Samples/patients with OPMDs versus normal oral mucosa | Raman spectroscopy (micro-Raman or fiber-Raman) as index test | Histopathological diagnosis as reference standard; normal oral mucosa as reference group | Sensitivity (diagnostic accuracy) Ex vivo/in vivo oral tissue and body-fluid samples | Sensitivity 0.843 [0.769, 0.897] GRADE not reported 11 studies |
| Samples/patients with OPMDs versus normal oral mucosa | Raman spectroscopy (micro-Raman or fiber-Raman) as index test | Histopathological diagnosis as reference standard; normal oral mucosa as reference group | Sensitivity (diagnostic accuracy) Ex vivo/in vivo oral tissue and body-fluid samples · Raman type: Micro | Sensitivity 0.916 [0.816, 0.964] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Samples/patients with OPMDs versus normal oral mucosa | Raman spectroscopy (micro-Raman or fiber-Raman) as index test | Histopathological diagnosis as reference standard; normal oral mucosa as reference group | Sensitivity (diagnostic accuracy) Ex vivo/in vivo oral tissue and body-fluid samples · Sample type: Tissue | Sensitivity 0.804 [0.695, 0.88] GRADE not reported 6 studies |
| Samples/patients with OPMDs versus normal oral mucosa | Raman spectroscopy (micro-Raman or fiber-Raman) as index test | Histopathological diagnosis as reference standard; normal oral mucosa as reference group | Specificity (diagnostic accuracy) Ex vivo/in vivo oral tissue and body-fluid samples · Raman type: Fiber | Specificity 0.917 [0.737, 0.977] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| Samples/patients with OPMDs versus normal oral mucosa | Raman spectroscopy (micro-Raman or fiber-Raman) as index test | Histopathological diagnosis as reference standard; normal oral mucosa as reference group | AUC (diagnostic accuracy) Ex vivo/in vivo oral tissue and body-fluid samples | AUC 0.91 [0.88, 0.93] GRADE not reported 11 studies |
| Samples/patients with OPMDs versus normal oral mucosa | Raman spectroscopy (micro-Raman or fiber-Raman) as index test | Histopathological diagnosis as reference standard; normal oral mucosa as reference group | Specificity (diagnostic accuracy) Ex vivo/in vivo oral tissue and body-fluid samples · Sample type: Tissue | Specificity 0.945 [0.79, 0.988] GRADE not reported 6 studies |
| Samples/patients with OPMDs versus normal oral mucosa | Raman spectroscopy (micro-Raman or fiber-Raman) as index test | Histopathological diagnosis as reference standard; normal oral mucosa as reference group | DOR (diagnostic accuracy) Ex vivo/in vivo oral tissue and body-fluid samples | DOR 48.359 [18.355, 127.409] GRADE not reported 11 studies |
| Samples/patients with OPMDs versus normal oral mucosa | Raman spectroscopy (micro-Raman or fiber-Raman) as index test | Histopathological diagnosis as reference standard; normal oral mucosa as reference group | Specificity (diagnostic accuracy) Ex vivo/in vivo oral tissue and body-fluid samples · Raman type: Micro | Specificity 0.843 [0.375, 0.98] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Samples/patients with OPMDs versus normal oral mucosa | Raman spectroscopy (micro-Raman or fiber-Raman) as index test | Histopathological diagnosis as reference standard; normal oral mucosa as reference group | NLR (diagnostic accuracy) Ex vivo/in vivo oral tissue and body-fluid samples · Sample type: Tissue | NLR 0.207 [0.135, 0.319] GRADE not reported 6 studies |
| Samples/patients with OPMDs versus normal oral mucosa | Raman spectroscopy (micro-Raman or fiber-Raman) as index test | Histopathological diagnosis as reference standard; normal oral mucosa as reference group | NLR (diagnostic accuracy) Ex vivo/in vivo oral tissue and body-fluid samples | NLR 0.174 [0.123, 0.246] GRADE not reported 11 studies |
| Samples/patients with OPMDs versus normal oral mucosa | Raman spectroscopy (micro-Raman or fiber-Raman) as index test | Histopathological diagnosis as reference standard; normal oral mucosa as reference group | PLR (diagnostic accuracy) Ex vivo/in vivo oral tissue and body-fluid samples · Raman type: Micro | PLR 5.834 [0.957, 35.571] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Samples/patients with OPMDs versus normal oral mucosa | Raman spectroscopy (micro-Raman or fiber-Raman) as index test | Histopathological diagnosis as reference standard; normal oral mucosa as reference group | FPR (diagnostic accuracy) Ex vivo/in vivo oral tissue and body-fluid samples | FPR 0.1 [0.033, 0.267] GRADE not reported 11 studies |
| Samples/patients with OPMDs versus normal oral mucosa | Raman spectroscopy (micro-Raman or fiber-Raman) as index test | Histopathological diagnosis as reference standard; normal oral mucosa as reference group | PLR (diagnostic accuracy) Ex vivo/in vivo oral tissue and body-fluid samples | PLR 8.414 [3.033, 23.341] GRADE not reported 11 studies |
| Samples/patients with OPMDs versus oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) | Raman spectroscopy (micro-Raman or fiber-Raman) as index test | Histopathological diagnosis as reference standard; OSCC as comparison group | FPR (diagnostic accuracy) Ex vivo/in vivo oral tissue and body-fluid samples | FPR 0.209 [0.134, 0.309] GRADE not reported 11 studies |
| Samples/patients with OPMDs versus oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) | Raman spectroscopy (micro-Raman or fiber-Raman) as index test | Histopathological diagnosis as reference standard; OSCC as comparison group | NLR (diagnostic accuracy) Ex vivo/in vivo oral tissue and body-fluid samples | NLR 0.205 [0.134, 0.314] GRADE not reported 11 studies |
| Samples/patients with OPMDs versus oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) | Raman spectroscopy (micro-Raman or fiber-Raman) as index test | Histopathological diagnosis as reference standard; OSCC as comparison group | AUC (diagnostic accuracy) Ex vivo/in vivo oral tissue and body-fluid samples | AUC 0.89 [0.86, 0.91] GRADE not reported 11 studies |
| Samples/patients with OPMDs versus oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) | Raman spectroscopy (micro-Raman or fiber-Raman) as index test | Histopathological diagnosis as reference standard; OSCC as comparison group | DOR (diagnostic accuracy) Ex vivo/in vivo oral tissue and body-fluid samples | DOR 19.61 [8.032, 47.873] GRADE not reported 11 studies |
| Samples/patients with OPMDs versus oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) | Raman spectroscopy (micro-Raman or fiber-Raman) as index test | Histopathological diagnosis as reference standard; OSCC as comparison group | Specificity (diagnostic accuracy) Ex vivo/in vivo oral tissue and body-fluid samples | Specificity 0.791 [0.691, 0.866] GRADE not reported 11 studies |
| Samples/patients with OPMDs versus oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) | Raman spectroscopy (micro-Raman or fiber-Raman) as index test | Histopathological diagnosis as reference standard; OSCC as comparison group | PLR (diagnostic accuracy) Ex vivo/in vivo oral tissue and body-fluid samples | PLR 4.018 [2.494, 6.472] GRADE not reported 11 studies |
| Samples/patients with OPMDs versus oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) | Raman spectroscopy (micro-Raman or fiber-Raman) as index test | Histopathological diagnosis as reference standard; OSCC as comparison group | Sensitivity (diagnostic accuracy) Ex vivo/in vivo oral tissue and body-fluid samples | Sensitivity 0.838 [0.778, 0.884] GRADE not reported 11 studies |
Included primary studies 12
Open in Studies| Study | Year | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Behl 2020 A pilot study for early detection of oral premalignant diseases using oral cytology and Raman micro-spectroscopy: Assessment of… PMID:32686263 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Brindha 2016 High wavenumber Raman spectroscopy in the characterization of urinary metabolites of normal subjects, oral premalignant and malignant… PMID:27475997 | 2017 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ghosh 2018 Chemometric analysis of integrated FTIR and Raman spectra obtained by non-invasive exfoliative cytology for the screening of oral cancer. PMID:30560265 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kaushik 2025 Rapid, On-Site SARS-CoV‑2 Variant Detection and Differentiation Using GLAD-Pristine Silver Nanorod Arrays and Machine Learning-Enhanced… PMID:41078743 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Krishna 2013 Anatomical variability of in vivo Raman spectra of normal oral cavity and its effect on oral tissue classification DOI:10.3233/bsi-130042 | 2013 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Krishna 2016 Tobacco Consumption Induced Changes in the Healthy Oral Mucosa and its Effect on Differential Diagnosis of Oral Lesions - A Clinical In… DOI:10.6000/1927-7229.2016.05.03.4 | 2016 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Li 2010 [Near infrared Raman spectral character and diagnostic value of squamous cell carcinoma of oral mucosa]. PMID:20337078 | 2010 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Rekha 2016 Near‐infrared Raman spectroscopic characterization of salivary metabolites in the discrimination of normal from oral premalignant and… DOI:10.1002/jrs.4897 | 2016 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Sahu 2015 Oral cancer screening: serum Raman spectroscopic approach. PMID:26580700 | 2015 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Sahu 2016 <i>In vivo</i>subsite classification and diagnosis of oral cancers using Raman spectroscopy DOI:10.1142/s1793545816500176 | 2016 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Singh 2012 In vivo Raman spectroscopic identification of premalignant lesions in oral buccal mucosa. PMID:23223996 | 2012 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Xue 2015 [Raman spectral characteristics of oral squamous cell carcinoma, epithelial dysplasia and normal mucosa]. PMID:25779070 | 2015 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Patients with OPMDs, OSCC or normal oral mucosa, any age, sex, OPMD subtype or setting; human specimens (in vivo, ex vivo tissue, body fluids) | OPMDs vs. normal mucosa (11 studies) and OPMDs vs. OSCC (11 studies); samples: tissue, serum, urine, saliva, exfoliated cells, brush cytology (total 2810 samples in 12 studies) |
| Intervention | Raman spectroscopy, including micro-Raman and fiber-Raman systems | Raman spectroscopy: fiber (8 studies) and micro-Raman (4 studies); 532 to 1064 nm excitation |
| Comparison | Histopathological diagnosis (gold standard); normal oral mucosa as reference group; direct comparison of OPMDs vs. OSCC | Histopathology; normal mucosa; OSCC |
| Outcomes | Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratio, SROC AUC; subgroup performance by Raman type and sample type | Pooled sensitivity, specificity, DOR, PLR, NLR, FPR, AUC; bivariate heterogeneity |
| Study designs | Original diagnostic accuracy studies reporting TP, FP, TN, FN with histopathology reference | 12 diagnostic accuracy studies (2010 to 2025) |
| Timing | Not specified | Not specified |