Non-Cochrane · intervention · PM41827403
Effect of Magnesium-Modified Titanium Implants on Osseointegration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Preclinical Studies.
Alenezi Ali, Alasmari Dhafer · Journal of clinical medicine · 2026 · PubMed · doi:10.3390/jcm15051987
Findings
Population Animal models (rabbits and rats), Ti implants in tibia or femur
2 findings
| Ti implants coated with or incorporating magnesium (Mg) | Ti implants without Mg (same base surface, uncoated or non-Mg coated) | Bone-to-implant contact (BIC, %) Healing periods 2 to 24 weeks, pooled across timepoints · Animal experiments; rabbit and rat long bones, unloaded implants | MD 13.20 [7.29, 19.11] GRADE not reported 10 studies · 246 participants |
| Ti implants coated with or incorporating magnesium (Mg) | Ti implants without Mg (same base surface, uncoated or non-Mg coated) | Bone area (BA, %) Healing periods 2 to 24 weeks, pooled across timepoints · Animal experiments; rabbit and rat long bones, unloaded implants | MD 2.51 [-2.80, 7.81] GRADE not reported 8 studies · 230 participants |
Included primary studies 11
Open in Studies| Study | Year | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cho 2010 Bone response of Mg ion-implanted clinical implants with the plasma source ion implantation method. PMID:20384707 | 2010 | this review only | Bone-to-implant contact (BIC, %); Bone area (BA, %) | not extracted yet |
| Galli 2015 Osteoconductive Potential of Mesoporous Titania Implant Surfaces Loaded with Magnesium: An Experimental Study in the Rabbit. PMID:25178845 | 2015 | this review only | Bone-to-implant contact (BIC, %); Bone area (BA, %) | not extracted yet |
| Galli 2017 Magnesium release from mesoporous carriers on endosseus implants does not influence bone maturation at 6 weeks in rabbit bone. PMID:27405685 | 2017 | this review only | Bone-to-implant contact (BIC, %); Bone area (BA, %) | not extracted yet |
| Li 2014 The effect of magnesium-incorporated hydroxyapatite coating on titanium implant fixation in ovariectomized rats. PMID:24451871 | 2014 | this review only | Bone-to-implant contact (BIC, %); Bone area (BA, %) | not extracted yet |
| Okuzu 2017 Strontium and magnesium ions released from bioactive titanium metal promote early bone bonding in a rabbit implant model. PMID:28919512 | 2017 | this review only | Bone-to-implant contact (BIC, %) | not extracted yet |
| Park 2012 Osseointegration of commercial microstructured titanium implants incorporating magnesium: a histomorphometric study in rabbit cancellous… PMID:21435010 | 2012 | this review only | Bone-to-implant contact (BIC, %); Bone area (BA, %) | not extracted yet |
| Shen 2019 Fabrication of magnesium/zinc-metal organic framework on titanium implants to inhibit bacterial infection and promote bone regeneration. PMID:31100479 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Tao 2016 A comparative study of zinc, magnesium, strontium-incorporated hydroxyapatite-coated titanium implants for osseointegration of osteopenic… PMID:26952418 | 2016 | this review only | Bone-to-implant contact (BIC, %); Bone area (BA, %) | not extracted yet |
| Yang 2019 Dual-Purpose Magnesium-Incorporated Titanium Nanotubes for Combating Bacterial Infection and Ameliorating Osteolysis to Realize Better… PMID:33464078 | 2019 | this review only | Bone-to-implant contact (BIC, %) | not extracted yet |
| Zhang 2015 Characterization and In Vivo Evaluation of Trace Element-Loaded Implant Surfaces in Ovariectomized Rats. PMID:26394347 | 2015 | this review only | Bone-to-implant contact (BIC, %); Bone area (BA, %) | not extracted yet |
| Zhao 2013 Effects of magnesium-substituted nanohydroxyapatite coating on implant osseointegration. PMID:22145854 | 2013 | this review only | Bone-to-implant contact (BIC, %); Bone area (BA, %) | not extracted yet |
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Animal models | Rabbit and rat models (n=11 studies), tibia and femur |
| Intervention | Ti implants coated or incorporated with Mg | Mg ion implantation, Mg-substituted HA coatings, Mg-loaded mesoporous titania, Mg-incorporated nanotubes, Mg/Zn MOF (n=11) |
| Comparison | Ti implants without Mg incorporation or coating | Unmodified Ti, HA-coated, nanotube-modified or mesoporous titania control implants (n=11) |
| Outcomes | Bone formation around implants (BIC, BA, BV/TV) | BIC (n=10 in meta-analysis); BA (n=8 in meta-analysis); BV/TV (n=2 studies) |
| Study designs | Animal studies in English published from 2005; quantitative bone outcomes | Preclinical animal studies (n=11) |
| Timing | Not specified | Healing 2 to 24 weeks |
AMSTAR 2 items
Two independent extractors rated each item. Their ratings are shown side by side because they have not been reconciled yet. The overall rating follows Shea et al. 2017: one critical flaw gives Low, more than one gives Critically Low.
| Item | Extractor A | Extractor B | Agree |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1Research question includes PICO components | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 2Protocol established before the reviewcritical | No | No | yes |
| 3Choice of study designs explained | No | No | yes |
| 4Comprehensive literature searchcritical | No | No | yes |
| 5Study selection in duplicate | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 6Data extraction in duplicate | No | No | yes |
| 7List of excluded studies with reasonscritical | No | No | yes |
| 8Included studies described in detail | Partial Yes | Partial Yes | yes |
| 9Risk of bias assessed satisfactorilycritical | RCT: Yes · NRSI: N/A | NRSI: N/A · RCT: Yes | no |
| 10Funding of included studies reported | No | No | yes |
| 11Appropriate meta-analysis methodscritical | RCT: No · NRSI: N/A | NRSI: N/A · RCT: No | no |
| 12Impact of risk of bias on the pooled results | No | No | yes |
| 13Risk of bias accounted for in interpretationcritical | No | No | yes |
| 14Heterogeneity explained | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 15Publication bias investigatedcritical | No | No | yes |
| 16Conflicts of interest reported | Yes | Yes | yes |
| Overall | Critically Low | Critically Low | yes |