Non-Cochrane · aetiology · PM41629856
The oral bacterial microbiota change in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Cao Qixuan, Yang Yue, Bai Shuang, et al. · BMC oral health · 2026 · PubMed · doi:10.1186/s12903-026-07813-w
Findings
98 findings
| Population | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy controls | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Veillonella (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse, saliva, oral swab or tissue samples; 16S rRNA or metagenomic sequencing | SMD -0.39 [-0.64, -0.13] GRADE not reported 13 studies |
| Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy controls | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Proteobacteria (phylum level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse, saliva, oral swab or tissue samples; 16S rRNA or metagenomic sequencing · Overall of studies in the sample type subgroup analysis (saliva, oral rinse, oral swab) | SMD -0.28 [-0.58, 0.01] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy controls | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Parvimonas (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse, saliva, oral swab or tissue samples; 16S rRNA or metagenomic sequencing · Overall of studies in the sample type subgroup analysis (saliva, oral rinse, oral swab) | SMD 0.74 [0.28, 1.19] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy controls | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Firmicutes (phylum level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse, saliva, oral swab or tissue samples; 16S rRNA or metagenomic sequencing · Overall of studies in the sample type subgroup analysis (saliva, oral rinse, oral swab) | SMD -0.01 [-0.17, 0.15] GRADE not reported 10 studies |
| Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy controls | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Prevotella (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse, saliva, oral swab or tissue samples; 16S rRNA or metagenomic sequencing | SMD 0.10 [-0.20, 0.40] GRADE not reported 14 studies |
| Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy controls | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Rothia (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse, saliva, oral swab or tissue samples; 16S rRNA or metagenomic sequencing | SMD -0.37 [-0.59, -0.16] GRADE not reported 13 studies |
| Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy controls | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Peptostreptococcus (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse, saliva, oral swab or tissue samples; 16S rRNA or metagenomic sequencing | SMD 0.32 [0.19, 0.45] GRADE not reported 11 studies |
| Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy controls | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Gemella (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse, saliva, oral swab or tissue samples; 16S rRNA or metagenomic sequencing | SMD 0.14 [-0.14, 0.42] GRADE not reported 12 studies |
| Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy controls | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Haemophilus (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse, saliva, oral swab or tissue samples; 16S rRNA or metagenomic sequencing · Overall of studies in the sample type subgroup analysis (saliva, oral rinse, oral swab) | SMD -0.14 [-0.37, 0.08] GRADE not reported 11 studies |
| Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy controls | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Fusobacterium (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse, saliva, oral swab or tissue samples; 16S rRNA or metagenomic sequencing | SMD 0.60 [0.47, 0.73] GRADE not reported 14 studies |
| Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy controls | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Lactobacillus (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse, saliva, oral swab or tissue samples; 16S rRNA or metagenomic sequencing | SMD 0.53 [-0.21, 1.28] GRADE not reported 7 studies |
| Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy controls | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Proteobacteria (phylum level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse, saliva, oral swab or tissue samples; 16S rRNA or metagenomic sequencing | SMD -0.25 [-0.59, 0.09] GRADE not reported 9 studies |
| Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy controls | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Veillonella (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse, saliva, oral swab or tissue samples; 16S rRNA or metagenomic sequencing · Overall of studies in the sample type subgroup analysis (saliva, oral rinse, oral swab) | SMD -0.34 [-0.59, -0.09] GRADE not reported 12 studies |
| Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy controls | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Gemella (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse, saliva, oral swab or tissue samples; 16S rRNA or metagenomic sequencing · Overall of studies in the sample type subgroup analysis (saliva, oral rinse, oral swab) | SMD 0.16 [-0.16, 0.48] GRADE not reported 10 studies |
| Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy controls | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Bacteroidetes (phylum level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse, saliva, oral swab or tissue samples; 16S rRNA or metagenomic sequencing · Overall of studies in the sample type subgroup analysis (saliva, oral rinse, oral swab) | SMD -0.06 [-0.35, 0.24] GRADE not reported 9 studies |
| Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy controls | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Actinomyces (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse, saliva, oral swab or tissue samples; 16S rRNA or metagenomic sequencing | SMD -0.34 [-0.59, -0.08] GRADE not reported 12 studies |
| Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy controls | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Neisseria (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse, saliva, oral swab or tissue samples; 16S rRNA or metagenomic sequencing | SMD -0.18 [-0.47, 0.12] GRADE not reported 12 studies |
| Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy controls | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Rothia (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse, saliva, oral swab or tissue samples; 16S rRNA or metagenomic sequencing · Overall of studies in the sample type subgroup analysis (saliva, oral rinse, oral swab) | SMD -0.33 [-0.57, -0.08] GRADE not reported 12 studies |
| Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy controls | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Capnocytophaga (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse, saliva, oral swab or tissue samples; 16S rRNA or metagenomic sequencing | SMD 0.62 [0.49, 0.75] GRADE not reported 12 studies |
| Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy controls | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Bacteroidetes (phylum level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse, saliva, oral swab or tissue samples; 16S rRNA or metagenomic sequencing | SMD -0.10 [-0.59, 0.39] GRADE not reported 10 studies |
| Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy controls | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Streptococcus (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse, saliva, oral swab or tissue samples; 16S rRNA or metagenomic sequencing | SMD -0.36 [-0.67, -0.05] GRADE not reported 14 studies |
| People with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy controls | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (case status) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Parvimonas (genus level) in oral bacterial microbiota Overall | SMD 0.43 [0.28, 0.58] GRADE not reported 10 studies |
| Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy controls | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Capnocytophaga (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse, saliva, oral swab or tissue samples; 16S rRNA or metagenomic sequencing · Overall of studies in the sample type subgroup analysis (saliva, oral rinse, oral swab) | SMD 0.63 [0.36, 0.90] GRADE not reported 10 studies |
| Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy controls | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Fusobacterium (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse, saliva, oral swab or tissue samples; 16S rRNA or metagenomic sequencing · Overall of studies in the sample type subgroup analysis (saliva, oral rinse, oral swab) | SMD 0.56 [0.43, 0.69] GRADE not reported 13 studies |
| Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy controls | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Actinobacteria (phylum level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse, saliva, oral swab or tissue samples; 16S rRNA or metagenomic sequencing · Overall of studies in the sample type subgroup analysis (saliva, oral rinse, oral swab) | SMD -0.73 [-1.23, -0.23] GRADE not reported 9 studies |
| Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy controls | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Leptotrichia (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse, saliva, oral swab or tissue samples; 16S rRNA or metagenomic sequencing | SMD -0.12 [-0.24, -0.00] GRADE not reported 13 studies |
| People with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy controls | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (case status) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Alloprevotella (genus level) in oral bacterial microbiota Overall | SMD 0.43 [0.29, 0.57] GRADE not reported 10 studies |
| Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy controls | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Dialister (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse, saliva, oral swab or tissue samples; 16S rRNA or metagenomic sequencing | SMD 0.54 [0.34, 0.74] GRADE not reported 7 studies |
| Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy controls | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Actinobacteria (phylum level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse, saliva, oral swab or tissue samples; 16S rRNA or metagenomic sequencing | SMD -0.85 [-1.36, -0.35] GRADE not reported 10 studies |
| People with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy controls | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (case status) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Fusobacteria (phylum level) in oral bacterial microbiota Overall | SMD 0.61 [0.32, 0.90] GRADE not reported 9 studies |
| Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy controls | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Prevotella (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse, saliva, oral swab or tissue samples; 16S rRNA or metagenomic sequencing · Overall of studies in the sample type subgroup analysis (saliva, oral rinse, oral swab) | SMD 0.10 [-0.22, 0.41] GRADE not reported 13 studies |
| Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy controls | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Neisseria (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse, saliva, oral swab or tissue samples; 16S rRNA or metagenomic sequencing · Overall of studies in the sample type subgroup analysis (saliva, oral rinse, oral swab) | SMD -0.23 [-0.59, 0.12] GRADE not reported 11 studies |
| Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy controls | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Actinomyces (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse, saliva, oral swab or tissue samples; 16S rRNA or metagenomic sequencing · Overall of studies in the sample type subgroup analysis (saliva, oral rinse, oral swab) | SMD -0.38 [-0.60, -0.16] GRADE not reported 11 studies |
| Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy controls | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Fusobacteria (phylum level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse, saliva, oral swab or tissue samples; 16S rRNA or metagenomic sequencing · Overall of studies in the sample type subgroup analysis (saliva, oral rinse, oral swab) | SMD 0.47 [0.31, 0.64] GRADE not reported 7 studies |
| Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy controls | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Firmicutes (phylum level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse, saliva, oral swab or tissue samples; 16S rRNA or metagenomic sequencing | SMD -0.13 [-0.43, 0.17] GRADE not reported 11 studies |
| Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy controls | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Porphyromonas (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse, saliva, oral swab or tissue samples; 16S rRNA or metagenomic sequencing · Overall of studies in the sample type subgroup analysis (saliva, oral rinse, oral swab) | SMD 0.13 [-0.11, 0.37] GRADE not reported 12 studies |
| Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy controls | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Haemophilus (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse, saliva, oral swab or tissue samples; 16S rRNA or metagenomic sequencing | SMD -0.23 [-0.36, -0.09] GRADE not reported 12 studies |
| Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy controls | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Alloprevotella (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse, saliva, oral swab or tissue samples; 16S rRNA or metagenomic sequencing · Overall of studies in the sample type subgroup analysis (saliva, oral rinse, oral swab) | SMD 0.44 [0.30, 0.59] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy controls | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Aggregatibacter (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse, saliva, oral swab or tissue samples; 16S rRNA or metagenomic sequencing | SMD 0.10 [-0.29, 0.49] GRADE not reported 7 studies |
| Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy controls | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Streptococcus (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse, saliva, oral swab or tissue samples; 16S rRNA or metagenomic sequencing · Overall of studies in the sample type subgroup analysis (saliva, oral rinse, oral swab) | SMD -0.33 [-0.63, -0.03] GRADE not reported 13 studies |
| Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy controls | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Leptotrichia (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse, saliva, oral swab or tissue samples; 16S rRNA or metagenomic sequencing · Overall of studies in the sample type subgroup analysis (saliva, oral rinse, oral swab) | SMD -0.12 [-0.30, 0.07] GRADE not reported 12 studies |
| Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy controls | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Porphyromonas (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse, saliva, oral swab or tissue samples; 16S rRNA or metagenomic sequencing | SMD 0.07 [-0.16, 0.31] GRADE not reported 12 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, saliva samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Aggregatibacter (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Saliva samples · Sample type: Saliva | SMD -0.04 [-0.64, 0.56] GRADE not reported 5 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, saliva samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Fusobacteria (phylum level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Saliva samples · Sample type: Saliva | SMD 0.28 [0.01, 0.54] GRADE not reported 5 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, saliva samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Rothia (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Saliva samples · Sample type: Saliva | SMD -0.31 [-0.66, 0.05] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, saliva samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Prevotella (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Saliva samples · Sample type: Saliva | SMD -0.14 [-0.47, 0.19] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, saliva samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Bacteroidetes (phylum level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Saliva samples · Sample type: Saliva | SMD 0.00 [-0.26, 0.27] GRADE not reported 5 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, saliva samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Porphyromonas (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Saliva samples · Sample type: Saliva | SMD 0.18 [-0.04, 0.41] GRADE not reported 7 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, saliva samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Actinomyces (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Saliva samples · Sample type: Saliva | SMD -0.34 [-0.73, 0.05] GRADE not reported 7 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, saliva samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Gemella (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Saliva samples · Sample type: Saliva | SMD 0.31 [0.01, 0.62] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, saliva samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Lactobacillus (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Saliva samples · Sample type: Saliva | SMD 0.31 [-0.34, 0.97] GRADE not reported 5 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, saliva samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Streptococcus (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Saliva samples · Sample type: Saliva | SMD -0.12 [-0.53, 0.30] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, saliva samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Alloprevotella (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Saliva samples · Sample type: Saliva | SMD 0.40 [0.23, 0.58] GRADE not reported 6 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, saliva samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Peptostreptococcus (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Saliva samples · Sample type: Saliva | SMD 0.41 [0.10, 0.71] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, saliva samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Proteobacteria (phylum level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Saliva samples · Sample type: Saliva | SMD -0.44 [-1.17, 0.28] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, saliva samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Haemophilus (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Saliva samples · Sample type: Saliva | SMD -0.13 [-0.56, 0.30] GRADE not reported 7 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, saliva samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Fusobacterium (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Saliva samples · Sample type: Saliva | SMD 0.49 [0.23, 0.74] GRADE not reported 7 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, saliva samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Dialister (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Saliva samples · Sample type: Saliva | SMD 0.78 [0.48, 1.08] GRADE not reported 5 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, saliva samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Capnocytophaga (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Saliva samples · Sample type: Saliva | SMD 0.55 [0.23, 0.86] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, saliva samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Veillonella (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Saliva samples · Sample type: Saliva | SMD -0.54 [-0.87, -0.22] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, saliva samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Parvimonas (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Saliva samples · Sample type: Saliva | SMD 0.77 [0.17, 1.37] GRADE not reported 6 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, saliva samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Neisseria (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Saliva samples · Sample type: Saliva | SMD -0.47 [-1.05, 0.11] GRADE not reported 7 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, saliva samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Actinobacteria (phylum level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Saliva samples · Sample type: Saliva | SMD -0.38 [-0.98, 0.21] GRADE not reported 5 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, saliva samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Leptotrichia (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Saliva samples · Sample type: Saliva | SMD -0.28 [-0.44, -0.12] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, saliva samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Firmicutes (phylum level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Saliva samples · Sample type: Saliva | SMD -0.04 [-0.31, 0.23] GRADE not reported 5 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, oral rinse samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Haemophilus (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse samples · Sample type: Oral rinse | SMD -0.20 [-0.41, 0.01] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, oral rinse samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Neisseria (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse samples · Sample type: Oral rinse | SMD -0.27 [-0.76, 0.22] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, oral rinse samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Bacteroidetes (phylum level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse samples · Sample type: Oral rinse | SMD -0.23 [-1.14, 0.69] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, oral rinse samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Actinomyces (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse samples · Sample type: Oral rinse | SMD -0.37 [-0.59, -0.16] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, oral rinse samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Veillonella (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse samples · Sample type: Oral rinse | SMD 0.02 [-0.19, 0.24] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, oral rinse samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Fusobacteria (phylum level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse samples · Sample type: Oral rinse | SMD 0.60 [0.39, 0.82] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, oral rinse samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Streptococcus (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse samples · Sample type: Oral rinse | SMD -0.35 [-0.63, -0.08] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, oral rinse samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Fusobacterium (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse samples · Sample type: Oral rinse | SMD 0.68 [0.47, 0.88] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, oral rinse samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Porphyromonas (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse samples · Sample type: Oral rinse | SMD -0.40 [-0.61, -0.18] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, oral rinse samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Prevotella (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse samples · Sample type: Oral rinse | SMD 0.23 [-0.44, 0.90] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, oral rinse samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Leptotrichia (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse samples · Sample type: Oral rinse | SMD 0.23 [0.02, 0.44] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, oral rinse samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Actinobacteria (phylum level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse samples · Sample type: Oral rinse | SMD -0.39 [-0.92, 0.13] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, oral rinse samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Rothia (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse samples · Sample type: Oral rinse | SMD -0.38 [-0.92, 0.16] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, oral rinse samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Alloprevotella (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse samples · Sample type: Oral rinse | SMD 0.59 [0.19, 0.99] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, oral rinse samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Firmicutes (phylum level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse samples · Sample type: Oral rinse | SMD -0.03 [-0.24, 0.18] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, oral rinse samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Proteobacteria (phylum level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral rinse samples · Sample type: Oral rinse | SMD -0.26 [-0.51, -0.01] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, oral swab samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Bacteroidetes (phylum level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral swab samples · Sample type: Oral swab | SMD 0.00 [-0.87, 0.86] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, oral swab samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Prevotella (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral swab samples · Sample type: Oral swab | SMD 0.96 [-0.86, 2.77] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, oral swab samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Veillonella (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral swab samples · Sample type: Oral swab | SMD -0.08 [-0.62, 0.45] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, oral swab samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Parvimonas (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral swab samples · Sample type: Oral swab | SMD 0.68 [-0.22, 1.58] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, oral swab samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Capnocytophaga (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral swab samples · Sample type: Oral swab | SMD 1.00 [0.59, 1.42] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, oral swab samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Haemophilus (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral swab samples · Sample type: Oral swab | SMD 0.00 [-0.39, 0.39] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, oral swab samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Proteobacteria (phylum level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral swab samples · Sample type: Oral swab | SMD -0.24 [-0.96, 0.47] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, oral swab samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Actinomyces (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral swab samples · Sample type: Oral swab | SMD -0.55 [-1.01, -0.09] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, oral swab samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Fusobacterium (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral swab samples · Sample type: Oral swab | SMD 0.53 [0.26, 0.80] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, oral swab samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Porphyromonas (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral swab samples · Sample type: Oral swab | SMD 0.37 [0.11, 0.64] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, oral swab samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Neisseria (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral swab samples · Sample type: Oral swab | SMD 0.45 [-0.16, 1.05] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, oral swab samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Actinobacteria (phylum level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral swab samples · Sample type: Oral swab | SMD -2.38 [-5.59, 0.83] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, oral swab samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Gemella (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral swab samples · Sample type: Oral swab | SMD -0.48 [-0.88, -0.09] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, oral swab samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Leptotrichia (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral swab samples · Sample type: Oral swab | SMD -0.18 [-0.93, 0.58] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, oral swab samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Streptococcus (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral swab samples · Sample type: Oral swab | SMD -1.07 [-2.19, 0.04] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, oral swab samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Firmicutes (phylum level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral swab samples · Sample type: Oral swab | SMD -0.08 [-0.64, 0.48] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| OSCC patients and healthy controls, oral swab samples | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (exposure group) | Healthy controls | Relative abundance of Rothia (genus level), oral bacterial microbiota by next-generation sequencing Oral swab samples · Sample type: Oral swab | SMD -0.33 [-1.08, 0.43] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
Included primary studies 16
Open in Studies| Study | Year | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Al-Hebshi 2017 Inflammatory bacteriome featuring Fusobacterium nucleatum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa identified in association with oral squamous cell… PMID:28500338 | 2017 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Granato 2021 Meta-omics analysis indicates the saliva microbiome and its proteins associated with the prognosis of oral cancer patients. PMID:33839314 | 2021 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Zhu 2023 Convergent dysbiosis of upper aerodigestive microbiota between patients with esophageal and oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. PMID:36752573 | 2023 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ganly 2019 Periodontal pathogens are a risk factor of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma, independent of tobacco and alcohol and human papillomavirus. PMID:30671943 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Guerrero-Preston 2016 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing identifies microbiota associated with oral cancer, human papilloma virus infection and surgical treatment. PMID:27259999 | 2016 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Haider 2024 THE ROLE OF THE ORAL MICROBIOME IN ORAL CANCER PATHOGENESIS DOI:10.53555/jptcp.v31i1.3988 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| He 2024 The potential value of oral microbial signatures for prediction of oral squamous cell carcinoma based on machine learning algorithms. PMID:38695435 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Heng 2022 Oral Bacteriome and Mycobiome across Stages of Oral Carcinogenesis. PMID:36445134 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Isono 2025 Involvement of Oral Microbiome in the Development of Oral Malignancy. PMID:40002227 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Liu 2022 Metagenomic Analysis Reveals a Changing Microbiome Associated With the Depth of Invasion of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. PMID:35222330 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Takahashi 2019 Analysis of oral microbiota in Japanese oral cancer patients using 16S rRNA sequencing. PMID:31109865 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Unlu 2024 Oral microbial dysbiosis in patients with oral cavity cancers. PMID:38884817 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Wei 2025 Oral and intratumoral microbiota influence tumor immunity and patient survival. PMID:40475759 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Yan 2023 Microbial Changes Associated With Oral Cavity Cancer Progression. PMID:36939272 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Yang 2018 Oral Microbiota Community Dynamics Associated With Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Staging. PMID:29774014 | 2018 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Yang 2025 Microbiome Signatures and Dysbiotic Patterns in Oral Cancer and Precancerous Lesions. PMID:40106821 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
Overlap with other reviews
Reviews that include the same primary studies are not independent evidence. Shared counts match studies by PMID, DOI or NCT, and otherwise by author and year (a probable match). Only the non-Cochrane dental reviews have study lists, so overlap with Cochrane reviews is not counted yet.
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy controls | OSCC cases and healthy controls (n=1,608: 813 OSCC, 795 controls) |
| Intervention | OSCC (case status); oral bacterial microbiota assessed by next-generation sequencing | OSCC (n=813) |
| Comparison | Healthy controls | Healthy controls (n=795) |
| Outcomes | Relative abundance of bacterial taxa at phylum and genus level (mean and SD) | Relative abundance of 5 phyla and 18 genera (SMD, 7 to 14 studies per taxon) |
| Study designs | Case-control studies | Case-control studies (n=16) |
| Timing | Not specified | Not specified |