Non-Cochrane · aetiology · PM41501848
Vitamin D status in patients with oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Liu Junjiang, Li Ren, Zhang Yue, et al. · BMC oral health · 2026 · PubMed · doi:10.1186/s12903-025-07636-1
Findings
11 findings
| Population | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Healthy controls | None (no intervention) | None | Vitamin D deficiency (serum below threshold), pooled proportion Hospital and clinical samples; India, Croatia, Chile, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Finland · Threshold 35 ng/mL; I2 93.2% | Proportion 0.65 [0.36, 0.9] GRADE not reported 3 studies · 208 participants |
| Healthy controls | None (no intervention) | None | Serum vitamin D concentration (ng/mL), pooled mean Hospital and clinical samples; India, Croatia, Chile, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Finland · Overall; I2 98.4% | MEAN 34.03 [27.55, 40.52] GRADE not reported 4 studies · 237 participants |
| Healthy controls | None (no intervention) | None | Vitamin D deficiency (serum below threshold), pooled proportion Hospital and clinical samples; India, Croatia, Chile, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Finland · Threshold 30 ng/mL; I2 89.9% | Proportion 0.45 [0.13, 0.79] GRADE not reported 3 studies · 109 participants |
| Patients with oral leukoplakia (OLK) | None (no intervention) | None | Vitamin D deficiency (serum below threshold), pooled proportion Hospital and clinical samples; India, Croatia, Chile, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Finland · Threshold 30 ng/mL; I2 48.2% | Proportion 0.97 [0.87, 1.0] GRADE not reported 2 studies · 45 participants |
| Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) | None (no intervention) | None | Vitamin D deficiency (serum below threshold), pooled proportion Hospital and clinical samples; India, Croatia, Chile, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Finland · Threshold 35 ng/mL; I2 41.7% | Proportion 0.92 [0.83, 0.98] GRADE not reported 4 studies · 118 participants |
| Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) | None (no intervention) | None | Serum vitamin D concentration (ng/mL), pooled mean Hospital and clinical samples; India, Croatia, Chile, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Finland · Overall; I2 95.8% | MEAN 15.21 [11.8, 18.62] GRADE not reported 5 studies · 107 participants |
| Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) | None (no intervention) | None | Vitamin D deficiency (serum below threshold), pooled proportion Hospital and clinical samples; India, Croatia, Chile, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Finland · Threshold 30 ng/mL; I2 0.0% | Proportion 0.97 [0.92, 1.0] GRADE not reported 3 studies · 50 participants |
| Patients with OLK and healthy controls | Oral leukoplakia (OLK) | Healthy controls | Vitamin D deficiency (serum below threshold) Hospital and clinical samples; India, Croatia, Chile, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Finland · Threshold 30 ng/mL; I2 0.0% | OR 36.84 [7.35, 184.51] GRADE not reported 2 studies · 120 participants |
| Patients with OSCC and healthy controls | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) | Healthy controls | Vitamin D deficiency (serum below threshold) Hospital and clinical samples; India, Croatia, Chile, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Finland · Threshold 35 ng/mL; I2 0.0% | OR 4.67 [2.31, 9.45] GRADE not reported 3 studies · 314 participants |
| Patients with OSCC and healthy controls | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) | Healthy controls | Vitamin D deficiency (serum below threshold) Hospital and clinical samples; India, Croatia, Chile, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Finland · Threshold 30 ng/mL; I2 35.5% | OR 32.43 [4.4, 238.96] GRADE not reported 3 studies · 159 participants |
| Patients with OSCC and healthy controls | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) | Healthy controls | Serum vitamin D concentration (ng/mL) Hospital and clinical samples; India, Croatia, Chile, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Finland · Overall; I2 66.4% | WMD -15.35 [-19.33, -11.36] GRADE not reported 4 studies · 332 participants |
Included primary studies 7
Open in Studies| Study | Year | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Druzijanic 2023 Serum Concentration of Vitamin D in Patients with Oral Lichen Planus. PMID:37808408 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Maturana-Ramirez 2025 Hypovitaminosis D in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma: Is a risk factor of developing this neoplasia? PMID:39582404 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Mostafa 2016 Value of vitamin D assessment in patients with head and neck squamous cell cancer before treatment DOI:10.4103/1012-5574.192550 | 2016 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Muneshwar 2022 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Orell-Kotikangas 2012 High prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in patients with head and neck cancer at diagnosis. PMID:22287291 | 2012 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Samanta 2024 Assessment of vitamin D levels in patients with oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma-A cross-sectional… PMID:38130424 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Udeabor 2020 Serum levels of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma: Making a case for chemoprevention. PMID:32246747 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Participants diagnosed with oral leukoplakia (OLK) or oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC); healthy controls | 317 healthy controls, 45 OLK patients, 168 OSCC patients (n=7 studies) |
| Intervention | Serum vitamin D measurement (25(OH)D) | Serum vitamin D (ELISA, ECLIA, HPLC or not reported) |
| Comparison | Healthy controls | Healthy controls |
| Outcomes | Proportion with vitamin D deficiency; serum vitamin D concentration | Vitamin D deficiency rate; OR for deficiency; serum vitamin D concentration and WMD |
| Study designs | Observational studies (cohort, cross-sectional, case-control); English language | 2 cohort, 4 cross-sectional (2 in OLK), 3 case-control rows per Table 1 (7 studies) |
| Timing | Not specified | Not specified |