Non-Cochrane · intervention · PM41307329
Accuracy of Freehand, Static, and Dynamic Computer-Assisted Implant Placement: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Reiff Florian Sebastian, Kroeger Annika, Roehling Stefan, et al. · Journal of periodontal research · 2026 · PubMed · doi:10.1111/jre.70047
Findings
30 findings
| Population | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cadaver and resin model (in vitro) implant placement; partially or fully edentulous jaw models | Dynamic computer-assisted implant surgery (dCAIS) | Static computer-assisted implant surgery (sCAIS) | Global coronal deviation (mm) In vitro (models) | MD 0.11 [-0.17, 0.39] GRADE not reported 11 studies · 1086 participants |
| Cadaver and resin model (in vitro) implant placement; partially or fully edentulous jaw models | Dynamic computer-assisted implant surgery (dCAIS) | Static computer-assisted implant surgery (sCAIS) | Axial deviation (degrees) In vitro (models) | MD -0.60 [-1.16, -0.05] GRADE not reported 11 studies · 1086 participants |
| Cadaver and resin model (in vitro) implant placement; partially or fully edentulous jaw models | Dynamic computer-assisted implant surgery (dCAIS) | Static computer-assisted implant surgery (sCAIS) | Global apical deviation (mm) In vitro (models) | MD -0.05 [-0.32, 0.23] GRADE not reported 11 studies · 1086 participants |
| Cadaver and resin model (in vitro) implant placement; partially or fully edentulous jaw models | Static computer-assisted implant surgery (sCAIS) | Freehand implant placement | Global apical deviation (mm) In vitro (models) | MD -0.76 [-1.09, -0.44] GRADE not reported 11 studies · 846 participants |
| Cadaver and resin model (in vitro) implant placement; partially or fully edentulous jaw models | Static computer-assisted implant surgery (sCAIS) | Freehand implant placement | Axial deviation (degrees) In vitro (models) | MD -2.85 [-3.71, -1.98] GRADE not reported 11 studies · 846 participants |
| Cadaver and resin model (in vitro) implant placement; partially or fully edentulous jaw models | Static computer-assisted implant surgery (sCAIS) | Freehand implant placement | Global coronal deviation (mm) In vitro (models) | MD -0.56 [-0.79, -0.33] GRADE not reported 11 studies · 846 participants |
| Cadaver and resin model (in vitro) implant placement; partially or fully edentulous jaw models | Dynamic computer-assisted implant surgery (dCAIS) | Freehand implant placement | Global coronal deviation (mm) In vitro (models) | MD -0.60 [-0.93, -0.27] GRADE not reported 4 studies · 306 participants |
| Cadaver and resin model (in vitro) implant placement; partially or fully edentulous jaw models | Dynamic computer-assisted implant surgery (dCAIS) | Freehand implant placement | Global apical deviation (mm) In vitro (models) | MD -0.91 [-1.25, -0.58] GRADE not reported 4 studies · 306 participants |
| Cadaver and resin model (in vitro) implant placement; partially or fully edentulous jaw models | Dynamic computer-assisted implant surgery (dCAIS) | Freehand implant placement | Axial deviation (degrees) In vitro (models) | MD -3.34 [-4.39, -2.29] GRADE not reported 4 studies · 306 participants |
| Human patients (18 years or older) receiving dental implants in edentulous spaces | Dynamic computer-assisted implant surgery (dCAIS) | Static computer-assisted implant surgery (sCAIS) | Global coronal deviation (mm) Clinical · All clinical studies | MD -0.03 [-0.16, 0.11] GRADE not reported 10 studies · 643 participants |
| Human patients (18 years or older) receiving dental implants in edentulous spaces | Dynamic computer-assisted implant surgery (dCAIS) | Static computer-assisted implant surgery (sCAIS) | Axial deviation (degrees) Clinical · All clinical studies | MD -0.09 [-0.66, 0.48] GRADE not reported 10 studies · 643 participants |
| Human patients (18 years or older) receiving dental implants in edentulous spaces | Dynamic computer-assisted implant surgery (dCAIS) | Static computer-assisted implant surgery (sCAIS) | Global coronal deviation (mm) Clinical · RCTs only | MD 0.08 [-0.04, 0.19] GRADE not reported 5 studies · 284 participants |
| Human patients (18 years or older) receiving dental implants in edentulous spaces | Dynamic computer-assisted implant surgery (dCAIS) | Static computer-assisted implant surgery (sCAIS) | Global apical deviation (mm) Clinical · RCTs only | MD -0.03 [-0.16, 0.11] GRADE not reported 5 studies · 284 participants |
| Human patients (18 years or older) receiving dental implants in edentulous spaces | Dynamic computer-assisted implant surgery (dCAIS) | Static computer-assisted implant surgery (sCAIS) | Axial deviation (degrees) Clinical · RCTs only | MD 0.32 [-0.22, 0.86] GRADE not reported 5 studies · 284 participants |
| Human patients (18 years or older) receiving dental implants in edentulous spaces | Dynamic computer-assisted implant surgery (dCAIS) | Static computer-assisted implant surgery (sCAIS) | Global apical deviation (mm) Clinical · All clinical studies | MD -0.24 [-0.48, 0.00] GRADE not reported 10 studies · 643 participants |
| Human patients (18 years or older) receiving dental implants in edentulous spaces | Static computer-assisted implant surgery (sCAIS) | Freehand implant placement | Global apical deviation (mm) Clinical · All clinical studies | MD -1.16 [-2.20, -0.12] GRADE not reported 7 studies · 432 participants |
| Human patients (18 years or older) receiving dental implants in edentulous spaces | Static computer-assisted implant surgery (sCAIS) | Freehand implant placement | Axial deviation (degrees) Clinical · All clinical studies | MD -4.25 [-5.28, -3.22] GRADE not reported 7 studies · 432 participants |
| Human patients (18 years or older) receiving dental implants in edentulous spaces | Static computer-assisted implant surgery (sCAIS) | Freehand implant placement | Axial deviation (degrees) Clinical · RCTs only | MD -3.69 [-4.31, -3.06] GRADE not reported 5 studies · 327 participants |
| Human patients (18 years or older) receiving dental implants in edentulous spaces | Static computer-assisted implant surgery (sCAIS) | Freehand implant placement | Global coronal deviation (mm) Clinical · RCTs only | MD -0.41 [-0.56, -0.27] GRADE not reported 5 studies · 327 participants |
| Human patients (18 years or older) receiving dental implants in edentulous spaces | Static computer-assisted implant surgery (sCAIS) | Freehand implant placement | Global apical deviation (mm) Clinical · RCTs only | MD -0.73 [-0.90, -0.56] GRADE not reported 5 studies · 327 participants |
| Human patients (18 years or older) receiving dental implants in edentulous spaces | Static computer-assisted implant surgery (sCAIS) | Freehand implant placement | Global coronal deviation (mm) Clinical · All clinical studies | MD -0.92 [-1.95, 0.10] GRADE not reported 7 studies · 432 participants |
| Human patients (18 years or older) receiving dental implants in edentulous spaces | Dynamic computer-assisted implant surgery (dCAIS) | Freehand implant placement | Global coronal deviation (mm) Clinical · All clinical studies | MD -1.18 [-2.28, -0.08] GRADE not reported 6 studies · 440 participants |
| Human patients (18 years or older) receiving dental implants in edentulous spaces | Dynamic computer-assisted implant surgery (dCAIS) | Freehand implant placement | Axial deviation (degrees) Clinical · RCTs only | MD -3.37 [-4.73, -2.01] GRADE not reported 4 studies · 306 participants |
| Human patients (18 years or older) receiving dental implants in edentulous spaces | Dynamic computer-assisted implant surgery (dCAIS) | Freehand implant placement | Global coronal deviation (mm) Clinical · RCTs only | MD -0.69 [-0.72, -0.66] GRADE not reported 4 studies · 306 participants |
| Human patients (18 years or older) receiving dental implants in edentulous spaces | Dynamic computer-assisted implant surgery (dCAIS) | Freehand implant placement | Axial deviation (degrees) Clinical · All clinical studies | MD -3.61 [-5.17, -2.04] GRADE not reported 6 studies · 440 participants |
| Human patients (18 years or older) receiving dental implants in edentulous spaces | Dynamic computer-assisted implant surgery (dCAIS) | Freehand implant placement | Global apical deviation (mm) Clinical · RCTs only | MD -0.74 [-0.86, -0.62] GRADE not reported 4 studies · 306 participants |
| Human patients (18 years or older) receiving dental implants in edentulous spaces | Dynamic computer-assisted implant surgery (dCAIS) | Freehand implant placement | Global apical deviation (mm) Clinical · All clinical studies | MD -1.47 [-2.88, -0.05] GRADE not reported 6 studies · 440 participants |
| Animals (any species; at least 5 per group) receiving at least one titanium dental implant | Dynamic computer-assisted implant surgery (dCAIS) | Static computer-assisted implant surgery (sCAIS) | Transfer accuracy (axial, global coronal and global apical deviation) Animal | no estimate extracted No studies found 0 studies |
| Animals (any species; at least 5 per group) receiving at least one titanium dental implant | Static computer-assisted implant surgery (sCAIS) | Freehand implant placement | Transfer accuracy (axial, global coronal and global apical deviation) Animal | no estimate extracted No studies found 0 studies |
| Animals (any species; at least 5 per group) receiving at least one titanium dental implant | Dynamic computer-assisted implant surgery (dCAIS) | Freehand implant placement | Transfer accuracy (axial, global coronal and global apical deviation) Animal | no estimate extracted No studies found 0 studies |
Included primary studies 37
Open in Studies| Study | Year | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feng 2022 Comparison of the accuracy of immediate implant placement using static and dynamic computer-assisted implant system in the esthetic zone… PMID:36512162 | 2022 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Yang 2024 Clinical study of immediate implant placement in posterior maxillary region assisted by dynamic real-time navigation: A randomized… PMID:39043292 | 2024 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Abduo 2020 Accuracy of static computer-assisted implant placement in anterior and posterior sites by clinicians new to implant dentistry: in vitro… PMID:32157478 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Abduo 2021 Accuracy of static computer-assisted implant placement in long span edentulous area by novice implant clinicians: A cross-sectional in… PMID:33817957 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Abduo 2023 Accuracy of Static Computer- Assisted Implant Placement in Posterior Edentulous Areas with Different Levels of Tooth- Support by Novice… PMID:37191579 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Abduo 2025 Accuracy of Static Computer-Assisted Implant Placement in Narrow Ridge by Novice Clinicians. PMID:40073980 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Alevizakos 2019 A retrospective study of the accuracy of template-guided versus freehand implant placement: A nonradiologic method. PMID:31227455 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Aydemir 2020 Accuracy of dental implant placement via dynamic navigation or the freehand method: A split-mouth randomized controlled clinical trial. PMID:31829457 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Chen 2022 Does guided level (fully or partially) influence implant placement accuracy at post-extraction sockets and healed sites? An in vitro study. PMID:35499656 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Deng 2025 Clinical study of dynamic navigation-assisted immediate implant placement in posterior maxillary alveolar bone defects. PMID:40269826 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Fang 2024 Effect of Clinical Experience on Accuracy of Implant Placement Using Dynamic Navigation and Static Guidance: An In Vitro Study. PMID:39231244 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Franchina 2020 Validation of an Intra-Oral Scan Method Versus Cone Beam Computed Tomography Superimposition to Assess the Accuracy between Planned and… PMID:33542168 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Fu 2023 Accuracy and patient-centered results of static and dynamic computer-assisted implant surgery in edentulous jaws: a retrospective cohort… PMID:37480368 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Guentsch 2021 Precision and trueness of implant placement with and without static surgical guides: An in vitro study. PMID:32893013 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kaewsiri 2019 The accuracy of static vs. dynamic computer-assisted implant surgery in single tooth space: A randomized controlled trial. PMID:31060099 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Liu 2024 Placement accuracy and primary stability of implants in the esthetic zone using dynamic and static computer-assisted navigation: A… PMID:36473750 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Mampilly 2023 Accuracy and Self-Confidence Level of Freehand Drilling and Dynamic Navigation System of Dental Implants: An In Vitro Study. PMID:38161848 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Mediavilla Guzman 2019 Accuracy of Computer-Aided Dynamic Navigation Compared to Computer-Aided Static Navigation for Dental Implant Placement: An In Vitro Study. PMID:31810351 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Okubo 2025 Clinical accuracy assessment of a dynamic navigation system and surgical guide using an oral appliance-secured patient tracker targeting… PMID:40389762 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Pitman 2024 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Pruthi 2025 The Effect of Different Socket Morphologies of a Maxillary Central Incisor on the Accuracy of Immediate Implants Placed With Freehand or… PMID:39963729 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Shusterman 2024 Accuracy of implant placement using a mixed reality-based dynamic navigation system versus static computer-assisted and freehand surgery:… PMID:38734298 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Smitkarn 2019 The accuracy of single-tooth implants placed using fully digital-guided surgery and freehand implant surgery. PMID:31241782 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Struwe 2023 Accuracy of a dynamic navigation system for dental implantation with two different workflows and intraoral markers compared to… PMID:36626272 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Stunkel 2022 Accuracy of intraoral real-time navigation versus static, CAD/CAM-manufactured pilot drilling guides in dental implant surgery: an in… PMID:36198996 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Taheri Otaghsara 2023 Accuracy of dental implant placement using static versus dynamic computer-assisted implant surgery: An in vitro study. PMID:36948382 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Varga 2020 Guidance means accuracy: A randomized clinical trial on freehand versus guided dental implantation. PMID:31958166 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Verma 2023 Cone Beam Computed Tomography-Based Evaluation of the Accuracy of Implant Surgery with Conventional (Free Hand) Implant Placement vs… PMID:38105824 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Wang M 2022 Comparison of Implant Placement Accuracy in Healed and Fresh Extraction Sockets between Static and Dynamic Computer-Assisted Implant… PMID:35454496 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Wang W 2023 Exploring training dental implant placement using static or dynamic devices among dental students. PMID:35579548 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Werny 2025 Evaluation of the Accuracy, Surgical Time, and Learning Curve of Freehand, Static, and Dynamic Computer-Assisted Implant Surgery in an… PMID:39835464 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Wu 2020 Accuracy of dynamic navigation compared to static surgical guide for dental implant placement. PMID:33230662 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Yimarj 2020 Comparison of the accuracy of implant position for two-implants supported fixed dental prosthesis using static and dynamic… PMID:32939934 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Yotpibulwong 2023 Accuracy of implant placement with a combined use of static and dynamic computer-assisted implant surgery in single tooth space: A… PMID:36756684 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Younis 2024 Accuracy of dynamic navigation compared to static surgical guides and the freehand approach in implant placement: a prospective clinical… PMID:38745297 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Zhang 2025 Dynamic navigation-assisted flapless implant placement in the posterior mandible: a retrospective and comparative study. PMID:39955224 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Zhou 2021 Comparison of the accuracy of dental implant placement using static and dynamic computer-assisted systems: an in vitro study. PMID:33307210 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
Overlap with other reviews
Reviews that include the same primary studies are not independent evidence. Shared counts match studies by PMID, DOI or NCT, and otherwise by author and year (a probable match). Only the non-Cochrane dental reviews have study lists, so overlap with Cochrane reviews is not counted yet.
| Review | Shared studies | Jaccard |
|---|---|---|
| Accuracy of Static, Dynamic, and Robotic Guided Surgery in Immediate Implant Placement: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. (2026) | 2 | 0.04 |
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | PICO 1: cadaver and in vitro (resin) models of edentulous jaws (at least 10 models, 30 implants); PICO 2: patients aged 18 years or older with edentulous space, at least 10 patients and 30 implants; PICO 3: animals (at least 5 per group) | PICO 1: in vitro models (606 models, 1869 implants; n=20 studies); PICO 2: patients (801 patients, 1235 implants; n=17 studies); PICO 3: none; no cadaver studies |
| Intervention | Static computer-assisted implant surgery (sCAIS) and dynamic computer-assisted implant surgery (dCAIS) | sCAIS; dCAIS (dCAIS plus sCAIS combinations in some studies) |
| Comparison | Freehand placement; sCAIS vs dCAIS | Freehand; sCAIS vs dCAIS |
| Outcomes | Transfer accuracy: axial deviation (degrees), global coronal deviation (mm), global apical deviation (mm), mean with SD | Axial, global coronal and global apical deviation (mean difference, random effects) |
| Study designs | Comparative studies (RCT, CCT, case-control, comparative cohort); in vitro, cadaver, animal and human studies; English or German | In vitro studies (n=20); 10 RCTs, 5 retrospective cohort studies and 2 retrospective case-control studies (n=17); no animal or cadaver studies |
| Timing | Not specified | Not specified |
AMSTAR 2 items
Two independent extractors rated each item. Their ratings are shown side by side because they have not been reconciled yet. The overall rating follows Shea et al. 2017: one critical flaw gives Low, more than one gives Critically Low.
| Item | Extractor A | Extractor B | Agree |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1Research question includes PICO components | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 2Protocol established before the reviewcritical | Partial Yes | Partial Yes | yes |
| 3Choice of study designs explained | No | Yes | no |
| 4Comprehensive literature searchcritical | Partial Yes | Partial Yes | yes |
| 5Study selection in duplicate | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 6Data extraction in duplicate | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 7List of excluded studies with reasonscritical | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 8Included studies described in detail | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 9Risk of bias assessed satisfactorilycritical | RCT: Yes · NRSI: Partial Yes | NRSI: Partial Yes · RCT: Yes | no |
| 10Funding of included studies reported | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 11Appropriate meta-analysis methodscritical | RCT: Yes · NRSI: No | NRSI: No · RCT: Yes | no |
| 12Impact of risk of bias on the pooled results | No | No | yes |
| 13Risk of bias accounted for in interpretationcritical | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 14Heterogeneity explained | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 15Publication bias investigatedcritical | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 16Conflicts of interest reported | Yes | Yes | yes |
| Overall | Low | Low | yes |