Cochrane · systematic review · CD008873
Vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy
Palacios, C, Kostiuk, LK, Peña‐Rosas, JP · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2019 · Cochrane Library
SoF tableOnly the outcomes this review put in its Summary of Findings table are listed (the Cochrane Handbook caps them at about seven per comparison). Its other analyses are not shown here.
Questions
18
current version
GRADE rated
16
No studies
1
Included studies
NR
No studies 1 · 5.6%Ungraded 1 · 5.6%Very low 6 · 33.3%Low 6 · 33.3%Moderate 4 · 22.2%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Questions and results
Current version onlyVitamin D supplementation compared to placebo or no intervention for pregnancy and neonatal health outcomes
Population: pregnant women and their infants.
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Pre‐eclampsia Vitamin D supplementation vs placebo or no intervention | RR 0.48 [0.3, 0.79] | 4 studies · 499 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
Gestational diabetes Vitamin D supplementation vs placebo or no intervention | RR 0.51 [0.27, 0.97] | 4 studies · 446 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Maternal adverse events: severe postpartum haemorrhage Vitamin D supplementation vs placebo or no intervention | RR 0.68 [0.51, 0.91] | 1 study · 1134 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Maternal adverse event: nephritic syndrome Vitamin D supplementation vs placebo or no intervention | RR 0.17 [0.01, 4.06] | 1 study · 135 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Maternal adverse event: hypercalcaemia Vitamin D supplementation vs placebo or no intervention | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1134 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Preterm birth (less than 37 weeks' gestation) Vitamin D supplementation vs placebo or no intervention | RR 0.66 [0.34, 1.3] | 7 studies · 1640 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Low birthweight (less than 2500 g) Vitamin D supplementation vs placebo or no intervention | RR 0.55 [0.35, 0.87] | 5 studies · 697 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Vitamin D + calcium supplementation compared to placebo or no intervention for pregnancy and neonatal health outcomes
Population: pregnant women and their infants..
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Pre‐eclampsia Vitamin D + calcium supplementation vs placebo or no intervention | RR 0.5 [0.32, 0.78] | 4 studies · 1174 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Gestational diabetes Vitamin D + calcium supplementation vs placebo or no intervention | RR 0.33 [0.01, 7.84] | 1 study · 54 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Maternal adverse events Vitamin D + calcium supplementation vs placebo or no intervention | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Preterm birth (less than 37 weeks' gestation) Vitamin D + calcium supplementation vs placebo or no intervention | RR 1.52 [1.01, 2.28] | 5 studies · 942 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Low birthweight (less than 2500 g) Vitamin D + calcium supplementation vs placebo or no intervention | RR 0.68 [0.1, 4.55] | 2 studies · 110 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Vitamin D + calcium + other vitamins and minerals compared to calcium + other vitamins and minerals (but no vitamin D) for pregnancy and neonatal health outcomes
Population: pregnant women and their infants..
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Pre‐eclampsia Vitamin D + calcium + other vitamins and minerals vs calcium + other vitamins and minerals (but no vitamin D) | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Gestational diabetes Vitamin D + calcium + other vitamins and minerals vs calcium + other vitamins and minerals (but no vitamin D) | RR 0.42 [0.1, 1.73] | 1 study · 1298 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Maternal adverse event: hypercalcaemia Vitamin D + calcium + other vitamins and minerals vs calcium + other vitamins and minerals (but no vitamin D) | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1298 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Maternal adverse event: hypercalciuria Vitamin D + calcium + other vitamins and minerals vs calcium + other vitamins and minerals (but no vitamin D) | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1298 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Preterm birth (less than 37 weeks' gestation) Vitamin D + calcium + other vitamins and minerals vs calcium + other vitamins and minerals (but no vitamin D) | RR 1.04 [0.68, 1.59] | 1 study · 1298 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Low birthweight (less than 2500 g) Vitamin D + calcium + other vitamins and minerals vs calcium + other vitamins and minerals (but no vitamin D) | RR 1.12 [0.82, 1.51] | 1 study · 1298 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Vitamin D alone versus no treatment/placebo (no vitamins or minerals)
Population: women during pregnancy
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Pre‐eclampsia (ALL) Vitamin D alone vs no treatment/placebo (no vitamins or minerals) | RR 0.52 [0.25, 1.05] | 2 studies · 219 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Gestational diabetes (ALL) Vitamin D alone vs no treatment/placebo (no vitamins or minerals) | RR 0.43 [0.05, 3.45] | 2 studies · 219 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Maternal vitamin D concentration at term (25‐hydroxyvitamin D) (nmol/L) (ALL) Vitamin D alone vs no treatment/placebo (no vitamins or minerals) | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 868 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Adverse effects Vitamin D alone vs no treatment/placebo (no vitamins or minerals) | RR 0.17 [0.01, 4.06] | 1 study · 135 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Preterm birth (less than 37 weeks' gestation) (ALL) Vitamin D alone vs no treatment/placebo (no vitamins or minerals) | RR 0.36 [0.14, 0.93] | 3 studies · 477 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
Low birthweight (less than 2500 g) (ALL) Vitamin D alone vs no treatment/placebo (no vitamins or minerals) | RR 0.4 [0.24, 0.67] | 3 studies · 493 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
Vitamin D + calcium versus no treatment/placebo (no vitamin or minerals)
Population: women during pregnancy
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Pre‐eclampsia (ALL) Vitamin D + calcium vs no treatment/placebo (no vitamin or minerals) | RR 0.51 [0.32, 0.8] | 3 studies · 1114 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
Gestational diabetes (ALL) Vitamin D + calcium vs no treatment/placebo (no vitamin or minerals) | RR 0.33 [0.01, 7.84] | 1 study · 54 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Maternal vitamin D concentration at term (25‐hydroxyvitamin D) (nmol/L) (ALL) Vitamin D + calcium vs no treatment/placebo (no vitamin or minerals) | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Adverse effects Vitamin D + calcium vs no treatment/placebo (no vitamin or minerals) | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Preterm birth (less than 37 weeks' gestation) (ALL) Vitamin D + calcium vs no treatment/placebo (no vitamin or minerals) | RR 1.57 [1.02, 2.43] | 3 studies · 798 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
Low birthweight (less than 2500 g) (ALL) Vitamin D + calcium vs no treatment/placebo (no vitamin or minerals) | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Vitamin D alone versus no treatment/placebo (no vitamins or minerals)
Population: pregnant women
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Pre‐eclampsia Vitamin D alone vs no treatment/placebo (no vitamins or minerals) | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Gestational diabetes Vitamin D alone vs no treatment/placebo (no vitamins or minerals) | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Maternal vitamin D status at term (25‐hydroxyvitamin D in nmol/L) Vitamin D alone vs no treatment/placebo (no vitamins or minerals) | MD 47.08 [23.76, 70.39] | 4 studies · 414 participants | Low |
Preterm birth Vitamin D alone vs no treatment/placebo (no vitamins or minerals) | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Low birthweight Vitamin D alone vs no treatment/placebo (no vitamins or minerals) | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 463 participants | Low |
Vitamin D + calcium versus no treatment/placebo (no vitamin or minerals)
Population: pregnant women
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Pre‐eclampsia Vitamin D + calcium vs no treatment/placebo (no vitamin or minerals) | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 400 participants | Very low |
Gestational diabetes Vitamin D + calcium vs no treatment/placebo (no vitamin or minerals) | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Maternal vitamin D status at term (25‐hydroxyvitamin D in nmol/L) Vitamin D + calcium vs no treatment/placebo (no vitamin or minerals) | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Preterm birth Vitamin D + calcium vs no treatment/placebo (no vitamin or minerals) | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Low birthweight Vitamin D + calcium vs no treatment/placebo (no vitamin or minerals) | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |