Cochrane · systematic review · CD006275
Non‐pharmacological management of infant and young child procedural pain
Pillai Riddell, RR, Bucsea, O, Shiff, I, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2023 · Cochrane Library
SoF tableOnly the outcomes this review put in its Summary of Findings table are listed (the Cochrane Handbook caps them at about seven per comparison). Its other analyses are not shown here.
Questions
15
current version
GRADE rated
15
No studies
0
Included studies
NR
No studies 0 · 0%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 11 · 73.3%Low 3 · 20%Moderate 1 · 6.7%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Questions and results
Current version onlyNon‐nutritive sucking compared to no‐treatment control in preterm born neonates
Population: preterm born neonates
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Pain reactivity (first 30 seconds post‐procedure) Non‐nutritive sucking vs no‐treatment control | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 597 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Immediate pain regulation (between 30 seconds and 5 minutes post‐procedure) Non‐nutritive sucking vs no‐treatment control | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 379 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Adverse events Non‐nutritive sucking vs no‐treatment control | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 318 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Non‐nutritive sucking compared to no‐treatment control in full‐term born neonates
Population: full‐term born neonates
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Pain reactivity (first 30 seconds post‐procedure) Non‐nutritive sucking vs no‐treatment control | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 545 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Immediate pain regulation (between 30 seconds and 5 minutes post‐procedure) Non‐nutritive sucking vs no‐treatment control | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 536 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Adverse events Non‐nutritive sucking vs no‐treatment control | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 507 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Swaddling compared to no‐treatment control for preterm born neonates
Population: preterm born neonates
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Pain reactivity (first 30 seconds post‐procedure) Swaddling vs no‐treatment control | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 468 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Immediate pain regulation (between 30 seconds and 5 minutes post‐procedure) Swaddling vs no‐treatment control | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 204 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Adverse events Swaddling vs no‐treatment control | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 304 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Facilitated tucking compared to no‐treatment control for preterm born neonates
Population: preterm born neonates
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Pain reactivity (first 30 seconds post‐procedure) Facilitated tucking vs no‐treatment control | no estimate extracted | 12 studies · 733 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Immediate pain regulation (between 30 seconds and 5 minutes post‐procedure) Facilitated tucking vs no‐treatment control | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 557 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Adverse events Facilitated tucking vs no‐treatment control | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 299 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Structured parent involvement compared to no‐treatment control for full‐term born older infants
Population: full‐term born older infants
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Pain reactivity (first 30 seconds post‐procedure) Structured parent involvement vs no‐treatment control | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 653 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Immediate pain regulation (between 30 seconds and 5 minutes post‐procedure) Structured parent involvement vs no‐treatment control | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 728 participants | Low Downgraded: imprecision |
Adverse events Structured parent involvement vs no‐treatment control | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 854 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Non‐nutritive sucking x preterm x pain reactivity
Population: Preterm infants
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Pain reactivity behavioural | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 329 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Non‐nutritive sucking‐related x preterm x immediate pain regulation
Population: Preterm infants
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Immediate pain regulation behaviour | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 260 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Non‐nutritive sucking‐related x neonate x pain reactivity
Population: Neonates
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Pain reactivity behaviour | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 270 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Non‐nutritive sucking‐related x older infant x immediate pain regulation
Population: Older infants
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
immediate pain regulation behaviour | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 151 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Swaddling/tucking‐related x preterm x pain reactivity
Population: Preterm infants
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Pain reactivity behaviour | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 331 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency |
Toy distraction x older infant x pain reactivity
Population: Older infants
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Pain reactivity behaviour | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 293 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Structured parent involvement x older infant x pain reactivity
Population: Older infants
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Pain reactivity behaviour | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 369 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Structured parent involvement x older infant x immediate pain regulation
Population: Older infants
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Immediate pain regulation behaviour | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 444 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |