Cochrane · systematic review · CD004950
Breastfeeding or breast milk for procedural pain in neonates
Shah, PS, Torgalkar, R, Shah, VS · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2023 · Cochrane Library
SoF tableOnly the outcomes this review put in its Summary of Findings table are listed (the Cochrane Handbook caps them at about seven per comparison). Its other analyses are not shown here.
Questions
14
current version
GRADE rated
12
No studies
2
Included studies
NR
No studies 2 · 14.3%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 9 · 64.3%Moderate 3 · 21.4%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Questions and results
Current version onlySummary of findings ‐ Breastfeeding versus control
Population: term newborns (≥ 37 completed weeks' postmenstrual age) and preterm infants (< 37 completed weeks' postmenstrual age) up to maximum of 44 weeks' postmenstrual age, undergoing heel lance, venipuncture, intramuscular injection, eye examination or any other diagnostic and/or therapeutic procedures
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Heart rate (beats per minute) Summary of findings ‐ Breastfeeding vs control | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 784 participants | Low Downgraded: imprecision, inconsistency |
Duration of crying (seconds) Summary of findings ‐ Breastfeeding vs control | no estimate extracted | 16 studies · 1866 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision, inconsistency |
Percentage of time crying Summary of findings ‐ Breastfeeding vs control | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 359 participants | Low Downgraded: imprecision, inconsistency |
Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) Summary of findings ‐ Breastfeeding vs control | no estimate extracted | 12 studies · 1432 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision, inconsistency |
Neonatal Facial Coding System (NFCS) Summary of findings ‐ Breastfeeding vs control | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 235 participants | Low Downgraded: imprecision, inconsistency |
Douleur Aigue Nouveau‐né (DAN) scale Summary of findings ‐ Breastfeeding vs control | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 709 participants | Low Downgraded: imprecision, inconsistency |
Any adverse outcome Summary of findings ‐ Breastfeeding vs control | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ Supplemental breast milk versus control
Population: term newborns (≥ 37 completed weeks' postmenstrual age) and preterm infants (< 37 completed weeks' postmenstrual age) up to maximum of 44 weeks' postmenstrual age, undergoing heel lance, venipuncture, intramuscular injection, eye examination or any other diagnostic and/or therapeutic procedures
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Heart rate (beats per minute) Summary of findings ‐ Supplemental breast milk vs control | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 336 participants | Low Downgraded: imprecision, inconsistency |
Duration of crying (seconds) Summary of findings ‐ Supplemental breast milk vs control | no estimate extracted | 11 studies · 1283 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision, inconsistency |
Percentage time crying Summary of findings ‐ Supplemental breast milk vs control | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Low Downgraded: imprecision, inconsistency |
Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) Summary of findings ‐ Supplemental breast milk vs control | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 291 participants | Low Downgraded: imprecision, inconsistency |
Neonatal Facial Coding System (NFCS) score at 3 minutes Summary of findings ‐ Supplemental breast milk vs control | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 40 participants | Low Downgraded: imprecision, inconsistency |
Douleur Aigue du Nouveau‐né (DAN) scale Summary of findings ‐ Supplemental breast milk vs control | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 224 participants | Low Downgraded: imprecision, inconsistency |
Any adverse outcome Summary of findings ‐ Supplemental breast milk vs control | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Comparison
Population: Healthy full‐term newborns
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Percentage of time crying (Breastfeeding versus control) | no estimate extracted | 227 participants | Moderate |
Duration of crying (seconds) (Breastfeeding versus control) | no estimate extracted | 539 participants | Moderate |
Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) (Breastfeeding versus control) | no estimate extracted | 102 participants | Moderate |
Neonatal Facial Coding Score (NFCS) (Breastfeeding versus control) | no estimate extracted | 240 participants | Moderate |
Percentage of time crying (Supplemental breast milk versus control) | no estimate extracted | 80 participants | Moderate |
Duration of crying (seconds) (Supplemental breast milk versus control) | no estimate extracted | 730 participants | Moderate |
Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) (Supplemental breast milk versus control) | no estimate extracted | 120 participants | Moderate |
Neonatal Facial Coding Score (NFCS) at 3 minutes (Supplemental breast milk versus control) | no estimate extracted | 223 participants | Moderate |