Cochrane · systematic review · CD004205
Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotising enterocolitis in neonates
Pammi, M, Haque, KN · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2023 · Cochrane Library
SoF tableOnly the outcomes this review put in its Summary of Findings table are listed (the Cochrane Handbook caps them at about seven per comparison). Its other analyses are not shown here.
Questions
21
current version
GRADE rated
11
No studies
10
Included studies
NR
No studies 10 · 47.6%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 9 · 42.9%Low 2 · 9.5%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Questions and results
Current version onlyPentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) compared to placebo or no intervention for neonatal sepsis
Population: neonates with sepsis
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
All‐cause mortality during hospital stay Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs placebo or no intervention | RR 0.57 [0.35, 0.93] | 6 studies · 416 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Chronic lung disease Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs placebo or no intervention | RR 1.5 [0.45, 5.05] | 1 study · 120 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Severe intraventricular haemorrhage Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs placebo or no intervention | RR 0.75 [0.28, 2.03] | 1 study · 120 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Periventricular leukomalacia Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs placebo or no intervention | RR 0.5 [0.1, 2.63] | 1 study · 120 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Length of hospital stay (LOS) in days Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs placebo or no intervention | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 157 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Necrotising enterocolitis, any Bell stage Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs placebo or no intervention | RR 0.56 [0.29, 1.06] | 6 studies · 405 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Retinopathy of prematurity, any stage Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs placebo or no intervention | RR 0.4 [0.08, 1.98] | 1 study · 120 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) compared to pentoxifylline with antibiotics and immunoglobulin M‐enriched intravenous immunoglobulin for neonatal sepsis
Population: neonates with sepsis
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
All‐cause mortality during hospital stay Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs pentoxifylline with antibiotics and immunoglobulin M‐enriched intravenous immunoglobulin | RR 0.71 [0.24, 2.1] | 1 study · 102 participants | Very low Downgraded: imprecision |
Chronic lung disease in survivors Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs pentoxifylline with antibiotics and immunoglobulin M‐enriched intravenous immunoglobulin | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Severe intraventricular haemorrhage Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs pentoxifylline with antibiotics and immunoglobulin M‐enriched intravenous immunoglobulin | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Periventricular leukomalacia Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs pentoxifylline with antibiotics and immunoglobulin M‐enriched intravenous immunoglobulin | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Length of hospital stay in days for survivors to discharge Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs pentoxifylline with antibiotics and immunoglobulin M‐enriched intravenous immunoglobulin | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Necrotising enterocolitis, any Bell stage Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs pentoxifylline with antibiotics and immunoglobulin M‐enriched intravenous immunoglobulin | RR 1.33 [0.31, 5.66] | 1 study · 102 participants | Very low Downgraded: imprecision |
Retinopathy of prematurity, any stage Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs pentoxifylline with antibiotics and immunoglobulin M‐enriched intravenous immunoglobulin | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) compared to immunoglobulin M‐enriched intravenous immunoglobulin with antibiotics for neonatal sepsis
Population: neonates with sepsis
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
All‐cause mortality during hospital stay Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs immunoglobulin M‐enriched intravenous immunoglobulin with antibiotics | RR 1.25 [0.36, 4.39] | 1 study · 102 participants | Very low Downgraded: imprecision |
Chronic lung diseasein survivors Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs immunoglobulin M‐enriched intravenous immunoglobulin with antibiotics | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Severe intraventricular haemorrhage Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs immunoglobulin M‐enriched intravenous immunoglobulin with antibiotics | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Periventricular leukomalacia Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs immunoglobulin M‐enriched intravenous immunoglobulin with antibiotics | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Length of hospital stay in days for survivors to discharge Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs immunoglobulin M‐enriched intravenous immunoglobulin with antibiotics | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Necrotising enterocolitis, any Bell stage Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs immunoglobulin M‐enriched intravenous immunoglobulin with antibiotics | RR 1.33 [0.31, 5.66] | 1 study · 102 participants | Very low Downgraded: imprecision |
Retinopathy of prematurity, any stage Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs immunoglobulin M‐enriched intravenous immunoglobulin with antibiotics | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Comparison
Population: Neonates with sepsis
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
All‐cause mortality during hospital stay ‐ All infants | RR 0.57 | 6 studies · 416 participants | Low |
All‐cause mortality during hospital stay ‐ Confirmed sepsis | RR 0.37 | 4 studies · 235 participants | Low |
All‐cause mortality during hospital stay ‐ Infants with confirmed gram‐negative sepsis | RR 0.33 | 4 studies · 143 participants | Low |
All‐cause mortality during hospital stay ‐ Late‐onset sepsis | RR 0.42 | 3 studies · 169 participants | Low |
All‐cause mortality during hospital stay ‐ Preterm infants | RR 0.38 | 4 studies · 277 participants | Low |
Chronic lung disease | RR 1.5 | 1 study · 120 participants | Very low |
Severe intraventricular haemorrhage | RR 0.75 | 1 study · 120 participants | Very low |
Periventricular leukomalacia | RR 0.5 | 1 study · 120 participants | Very low |
Length of hospital stay (LOS) in days | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 148 participants | Low |
Necrotizing enterocolitis | RR 0.62 | 3 studies · 272 participants | Very low |
Retinopathy of prematurity | RR 0.4 | 1 study · 120 participants | Very low |
Comparison
Population: Neonates with sepsis
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
All‐cause mortality during hospital stay | RR 0.71 | 1 study · 102 participants | Very low |
Necrotizing enterocolitis | RR 1.33 | 1 study · 102 participants | Very low |
Comparison
Population: Neonates with sepsis
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
All‐cause mortality during hospital stay | RR 1.25 | 1 study · 102 participants | Very low |
Necrotizing enterocolitis | RR 1.33 | 1 study · 102 participants | Very low |