Cochrane · systematic review · CD001324
Interventions for emergency contraception
Shen, J, Che, Y, Showell, E, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2019 · Cochrane Library
SoF tableOnly the outcomes this review put in its Summary of Findings table are listed (the Cochrane Handbook caps them at about seven per comparison). Its other analyses are not shown here.
Questions
56
current version
GRADE rated
49
No studies
7
Included studies
NR
No studies 7 · 12.5%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 16 · 28.6%Moderate 22 · 39.3%High 11 · 19.6%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Questions and results
Current version onlyLevonorgestrel compared to Yuzpe for emergency contraception
Population: Women seeking emergency contraception
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Observed number of pregnancies (all women) Levonorgestrel vs Yuzpe | RR 0.57 [0.39, 0.84] | 6 studies · 4750 participants | High |
Any side effect Levonorgestrel vs Yuzpe | RR 0.8 [0.75, 0.86] | 1 study · 1955 participants | High |
Specific side effects ‐ Nausea Levonorgestrel vs Yuzpe | RR 0.4 [0.36, 0.44] | 6 studies · 4750 participants | Moderate Downgraded: inconsistency |
Specific side effects ‐ Vomiting Levonorgestrel vs Yuzpe | RR 0.29 [0.24, 0.35] | 5 studies · 3640 participants | Moderate Downgraded: inconsistency |
Specific side effects ‐ Spotting/bleeding after treatment Levonorgestrel vs Yuzpe | RR 1.82 [1.37, 2.41] | 2 studies · 1614 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Menses ‐ Early Levonorgestrel vs Yuzpe | RR 1.15 [0.86, 1.52] | 2 studies · 1310 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Menses ‐ Delay Levonorgestrel vs Yuzpe | RR 1.23 [0.96, 1.57] | 3 studies · 1988 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Mid‐dose mifepristone (25 mg‐50 mg) versus levonorgestrel 1.5 mg for emergency contraception
Population: women seeking emergency contraception
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Observed number of pregnancies (all women) Mid‐dose mifepristone (25 mg‐50 mg) vs levonorgestrel 1.5 mg | RR 0.61 [0.45, 0.83] | 27 studies · 6052 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
Any side effect Mid‐dose mifepristone (25 mg‐50 mg) vs levonorgestrel 1.5 mg | RR 0.55 [0.4, 0.74] | 18 studies · 4352 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency |
Specific side effect ‐ nausea Mid‐dose mifepristone (25 mg‐50 mg) vs levonorgestrel 1.5 mg | RR 0.81 [0.48, 1.36] | 4 studies · 713 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Specific side effect ‐ vomiting Mid‐dose mifepristone (25 mg‐50 mg) vs levonorgestrel 1.5 mg | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Specific side effect ‐ spotting/bleeding after treatment Mid‐dose mifepristone (25 mg‐50 mg) vs levonorgestrel 1.5 mg | RR 0.61 [0.42, 0.88] | 9 studies · 1796 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Menses ‐ early Mid‐dose mifepristone (25 mg‐50 mg) vs levonorgestrel 1.5 mg | RR 0.72 [0.5, 1.03] | 7 studies · 1324 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Menses ‐ delay Mid‐dose mifepristone (25 mg‐50 mg) vs levonorgestrel 1.5 mg | RR 1.29 [1.09, 1.54] | 17 studies · 3615 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
Low‐dose mifepristone (< 25 mg) versus levonorgestrel 1.5 mg for emergency contraception
Population: women seeking emergency contraception
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Observed number of pregnancies (all women) Low‐dose mifepristone (< 25 mg) vs levonorgestrel 1.5 mg | RR 0.72 [0.52, 0.99] | 14 studies · 8752 participants | High |
Any side effect Low‐dose mifepristone (< 25 mg) vs levonorgestrel 1.5 mg | RR 0.26 [0.17, 0.38] | 3 studies · 609 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Specific side effect ‐ nausea Low‐dose mifepristone (< 25 mg) vs levonorgestrel 1.5 mg | RR 0.95 [0.84, 1.09] | 5 studies · 6384 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Specific side effect ‐ vomiting Low‐dose mifepristone (< 25 mg) vs levonorgestrel 1.5 mg | RR 1.22 [0.55, 2.68] | 3 studies · 6085 participants | Low Downgraded: imprecision, inconsistency |
Specific side effect ‐ spotting/bleeding after treatment Low‐dose mifepristone (< 25 mg) vs levonorgestrel 1.5 mg | RR 0.61 [0.54, 0.69] | 5 studies · 4598 participants | High |
Menses ‐ early Low‐dose mifepristone (< 25 mg) vs levonorgestrel 1.5 mg | RR 0.45 [0.35, 0.59] | 5 studies · 1800 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Menses ‐ delay Low‐dose mifepristone (< 25 mg) vs levonorgestrel 1.5 mg | RR 1.7 [1.48, 1.97] | 9 studies · 7520 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency |
Mifepristone (all doses) versus Yuzpe for emergency contraception
Population: women seeking emergency contraception
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Observed number of pregnancies (all women) Mifepristone (all doses) vs Yuzpe | RR 0.14 [0.05, 0.41] | 3 studies · 2144 participants | High |
Any side effect Mifepristone (all doses) vs Yuzpe | RR 0.83 [0.77, 0.88] | 2 studies · 1693 participants | Moderate Downgraded: inconsistency |
Specific side effects ‐ nausea Mifepristone (all doses) vs Yuzpe | RR 0.63 [0.53, 0.76] | 3 studies · 2186 participants | Moderate Downgraded: inconsistency |
Specific side effects ‐ vomiting Mifepristone (all doses) vs Yuzpe | RR 0.12 [0.07, 0.2] | 3 studies · 2186 participants | High |
Specific side effects ‐ abdominal pain Mifepristone (all doses) vs Yuzpe | RR 0.76 [0.61, 0.95] | 1 study · 1000 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Specific side effects ‐ spotting/bleeding after treatment Mifepristone (all doses) vs Yuzpe | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Menses ‐ delay Mifepristone (all doses) vs Yuzpe | RR 2.83 [2.3, 3.47] | 3 studies · 1924 participants | Moderate Downgraded: inconsistency |
Ulipristal acetate (all doses) versus levonorgestrel for emergency contraception
Population: women seeking emergency contraception
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Observed number of pregnancies (all women) Ulipristal acetate (all doses) vs levonorgestrel | RR 0.59 [0.35, 0.99] | 2 studies · 3448 participants | High |
Any side effect Ulipristal acetate (all doses) vs levonorgestrel | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Specific side effects ‐ nausea Ulipristal acetate (all doses) vs levonorgestrel | RR 1.14 [0.93, 1.41] | 2 studies · 3770 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Specific side effects ‐ vomiting Ulipristal acetate (all doses) vs levonorgestrel | RR 1 [0.14, 7.07] | 1 study · 1549 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Specific side effects ‐ spotting/bleeding after treatment Ulipristal acetate (all doses) vs levonorgestrel | RR 0.71 [0.23, 2.24] | 1 study · 1549 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Menses ‐ early Ulipristal acetate (all doses) vs levonorgestrel | RR 0.43 [0.37, 0.5] | 2 studies · 3593 participants | Moderate Downgraded: inconsistency |
Menses ‐ delay Ulipristal acetate (all doses) vs levonorgestrel | RR 1.65 [1.42, 1.92] | 2 studies · 3593 participants | High |
Single‐dose levonorgestrel versus split‐dose levonorgestrel for emergency contraception
Population: women seeking emergency contraception
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Observed number of pregnancies (all women) Single‐dose levonorgestrel vs split‐dose levonorgestrel | RR 0.84 [0.53, 1.33] | 3 studies · 6653 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Any side effect Single‐dose levonorgestrel vs split‐dose levonorgestrel | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Specific side effects ‐ nausea Single‐dose levonorgestrel vs split‐dose levonorgestrel | RR 0.97 [0.88, 1.07] | 3 studies · 6804 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Specific side effects ‐ vomiting Single‐dose levonorgestrel vs split‐dose levonorgestrel | RR 1.01 [0.83, 1.22] | 3 studies · 6804 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Specific side effects ‐ spotting/bleeding after treatment Single‐dose levonorgestrel vs split‐dose levonorgestrel | RR 1 [0.9, 1.12] | 1 study · 2720 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Menses ‐ early Single‐dose levonorgestrel vs split‐dose levonorgestrel | RR 0.67 [0.54, 0.82] | 1 study · 1118 participants | High |
Menses ‐ delay Single‐dose levonorgestrel vs split‐dose levonorgestrel | RR 1.18 [0.96, 1.46] | 2 studies · 3784 participants | Low Downgraded: imprecision, inconsistency |
Mid‐dose mifepristone (25 mg‐50 mg) versus low‐dose mifepristone (< 25 mg) for emergency contraception
Population: women seeking emergency contraception
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Observed number of pregnancies (all women) Mid‐dose mifepristone (25 mg‐50 mg) vs low‐dose mifepristone (< 25 mg) | RR 0.73 [0.55, 0.97] | 25 studies · 11914 participants | High |
Any side effect Mid‐dose mifepristone (25 mg‐50 mg) vs low‐dose mifepristone (< 25 mg) | RR 1.31 [1.01, 1.7] | 11 studies · 2464 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
Specific side effects ‐ nausea Mid‐dose mifepristone (25 mg‐50 mg) vs low‐dose mifepristone (< 25 mg) | RR 1.1 [0.97, 1.24] | 13 studies · 7948 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Specific side effects ‐ vomiting Mid‐dose mifepristone (25 mg‐50 mg) vs low‐dose mifepristone (< 25 mg) | RR 1.22 [0.68, 2.17] | 6 studies · 6082 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Specific side effects ‐ spotting/bleeding after treatment Mid‐dose mifepristone (25 mg‐50 mg) vs low‐dose mifepristone (< 25 mg) | RR 1.85 [1.55, 2.2] | 11 studies · 5078 participants | High |
Menses ‐ early Mid‐dose mifepristone (25 mg‐50 mg) vs low‐dose mifepristone (< 25 mg) | RR 1.09 [0.87, 1.36] | 7 studies · 2136 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Menses ‐ delay Mid‐dose mifepristone (25 mg‐50 mg) vs low‐dose mifepristone (< 25 mg) | RR 1.28 [1.11, 1.47] | 21 studies · 11282 participants | Moderate Downgraded: inconsistency |
Copper intrauterine device versus mifepristone (all doses) for emergency contraception
Population: women seeking emergency contraception
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Observed number of pregnancies (all women) Copper intrauterine device vs mifepristone (all doses) | RR 0.33 [0.04, 2.74] | 2 studies · 395 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Any side effect Copper intrauterine device vs mifepristone (all doses) | RR 0.06 [0, 0.99] | 1 study · 285 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Specific side effects ‐ nausea Copper intrauterine device vs mifepristone (all doses) | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Specific side effects ‐ vomiting Copper intrauterine device vs mifepristone (all doses) | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Specific side effects ‐ lower abdominal pain Copper intrauterine device vs mifepristone (all doses) | RR 73.61 [4.48, 1208.5] | 1 study · 285 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Specific side effects ‐ spotting/bleeding after treatment Copper intrauterine device vs mifepristone (all doses) | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Menses ‐ delay Copper intrauterine device vs mifepristone (all doses) | RR 0.23 [0.09, 0.64] | 1 study · 284 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Levonorgestrel compared to Yuzpe for emergency contraception
Population: Women seeking emergency contraception
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Observed number of pregnancies (all women) Levonorgestrel vs Yuzpe | RR 0.57 [0.39, 0.84] | 6 studies · 4750 participants | High |
Any side effect Levonorgestrel vs Yuzpe | RR 0.8 [0.75, 0.86] | 1 study · 1955 participants | High |
Specific side effects ‐ Nausea Levonorgestrel vs Yuzpe | RR 0.4 [0.36, 0.44] | 6 studies · 4750 participants | Moderate Downgraded: inconsistency |
Specific side effects ‐ Vomiting Levonorgestrel vs Yuzpe | RR 0.29 [0.24, 0.35] | 5 studies · 3640 participants | Moderate Downgraded: inconsistency |
Specific side effects ‐ Spotting/bleeding after treatment Levonorgestrel vs Yuzpe | RR 1.82 [1.37, 2.41] | 2 studies · 1614 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Menses ‐ Early Levonorgestrel vs Yuzpe | RR 1.15 [0.86, 1.52] | 2 studies · 1310 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Menses ‐ Delay Levonorgestrel vs Yuzpe | RR 1.23 [0.96, 1.57] | 3 studies · 1988 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Mid‐dose mifepristone (25 mg‐50 mg) versus levonorgestrel 1.5 mg for emergency contraception
Population: women seeking emergency contraception
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Observed number of pregnancies (all women) Mid‐dose mifepristone (25 mg‐50 mg) vs levonorgestrel 1.5 mg | RR 0.61 [0.45, 0.83] | 27 studies · 6052 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
Any side effect Mid‐dose mifepristone (25 mg‐50 mg) vs levonorgestrel 1.5 mg | RR 0.55 [0.4, 0.74] | 18 studies · 4352 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency |
Specific side effect ‐ nausea Mid‐dose mifepristone (25 mg‐50 mg) vs levonorgestrel 1.5 mg | RR 0.81 [0.48, 1.36] | 4 studies · 713 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Specific side effect ‐ vomiting Mid‐dose mifepristone (25 mg‐50 mg) vs levonorgestrel 1.5 mg | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Specific side effect ‐ spotting/bleeding after treatment Mid‐dose mifepristone (25 mg‐50 mg) vs levonorgestrel 1.5 mg | RR 0.61 [0.42, 0.88] | 9 studies · 1796 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Menses ‐ early Mid‐dose mifepristone (25 mg‐50 mg) vs levonorgestrel 1.5 mg | RR 0.72 [0.5, 1.03] | 7 studies · 1324 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Menses ‐ delay Mid‐dose mifepristone (25 mg‐50 mg) vs levonorgestrel 1.5 mg | RR 1.29 [1.09, 1.54] | 17 studies · 3615 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
Low‐dose mifepristone (< 25 mg) versus levonorgestrel 1.5 mg for emergency contraception
Population: women seeking emergency contraception
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Observed number of pregnancies (all women) Low‐dose mifepristone (< 25 mg) vs levonorgestrel 1.5 mg | RR 0.72 [0.52, 0.99] | 14 studies · 8752 participants | High |
Any side effect Low‐dose mifepristone (< 25 mg) vs levonorgestrel 1.5 mg | RR 0.26 [0.17, 0.38] | 3 studies · 609 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Specific side effect ‐ nausea Low‐dose mifepristone (< 25 mg) vs levonorgestrel 1.5 mg | RR 0.95 [0.84, 1.09] | 5 studies · 6384 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Specific side effect ‐ vomiting Low‐dose mifepristone (< 25 mg) vs levonorgestrel 1.5 mg | RR 1.22 [0.55, 2.68] | 3 studies · 6085 participants | Low Downgraded: imprecision, inconsistency |
Specific side effect ‐ spotting/bleeding after treatment Low‐dose mifepristone (< 25 mg) vs levonorgestrel 1.5 mg | RR 0.61 [0.54, 0.69] | 5 studies · 4598 participants | High |
Menses ‐ early Low‐dose mifepristone (< 25 mg) vs levonorgestrel 1.5 mg | RR 0.45 [0.35, 0.59] | 5 studies · 1800 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Menses ‐ delay Low‐dose mifepristone (< 25 mg) vs levonorgestrel 1.5 mg | RR 1.7 [1.48, 1.97] | 9 studies · 7520 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency |
Mifepristone (all doses) versus Yuzpe for emergency contraception
Population: women seeking emergency contraception
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Observed number of pregnancies (all women) Mifepristone (all doses) vs Yuzpe | RR 0.14 [0.05, 0.41] | 3 studies · 2144 participants | High |
Any side effect Mifepristone (all doses) vs Yuzpe | RR 0.83 [0.77, 0.88] | 2 studies · 1693 participants | Moderate Downgraded: inconsistency |
Specific side effects ‐ nausea Mifepristone (all doses) vs Yuzpe | RR 0.63 [0.53, 0.76] | 3 studies · 2186 participants | Moderate Downgraded: inconsistency |
Specific side effects ‐ vomiting Mifepristone (all doses) vs Yuzpe | RR 0.12 [0.07, 0.2] | 3 studies · 2186 participants | High |
Specific side effects ‐ abdominal pain Mifepristone (all doses) vs Yuzpe | RR 0.76 [0.61, 0.95] | 1 study · 1000 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Specific side effects ‐ spotting/bleeding after treatment Mifepristone (all doses) vs Yuzpe | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Menses ‐ delay Mifepristone (all doses) vs Yuzpe | RR 2.83 [2.3, 3.47] | 3 studies · 1924 participants | Moderate Downgraded: inconsistency |
Ulipristal acetate (all doses) versus levonorgestrel for emergency contraception
Population: women seeking emergency contraception
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Observed number of pregnancies (all women) Ulipristal acetate (all doses) vs levonorgestrel | RR 0.59 [0.35, 0.99] | 2 studies · 3448 participants | High |
Any side effect Ulipristal acetate (all doses) vs levonorgestrel | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Specific side effects ‐ nausea Ulipristal acetate (all doses) vs levonorgestrel | RR 1.14 [0.93, 1.41] | 2 studies · 3770 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Specific side effects ‐ vomiting Ulipristal acetate (all doses) vs levonorgestrel | RR 1 [0.14, 7.07] | 1 study · 1549 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Specific side effects ‐ spotting/bleeding after treatment Ulipristal acetate (all doses) vs levonorgestrel | RR 0.71 [0.23, 2.24] | 1 study · 1549 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Menses ‐ early Ulipristal acetate (all doses) vs levonorgestrel | RR 0.43 [0.37, 0.5] | 2 studies · 3593 participants | Moderate Downgraded: inconsistency |
Menses ‐ delay Ulipristal acetate (all doses) vs levonorgestrel | RR 1.65 [1.42, 1.92] | 2 studies · 3593 participants | High |
Single‐dose levonorgestrel versus split‐dose levonorgestrel for emergency contraception
Population: women seeking emergency contraception
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Observed number of pregnancies (all women) Single‐dose levonorgestrel vs split‐dose levonorgestrel | RR 0.84 [0.53, 1.33] | 3 studies · 6653 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Any side effect Single‐dose levonorgestrel vs split‐dose levonorgestrel | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Specific side effects ‐ nausea Single‐dose levonorgestrel vs split‐dose levonorgestrel | RR 0.97 [0.88, 1.07] | 3 studies · 6804 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Specific side effects ‐ vomiting Single‐dose levonorgestrel vs split‐dose levonorgestrel | RR 1.01 [0.83, 1.22] | 3 studies · 6804 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Specific side effects ‐ spotting/bleeding after treatment Single‐dose levonorgestrel vs split‐dose levonorgestrel | RR 1 [0.9, 1.12] | 1 study · 2720 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Menses ‐ early Single‐dose levonorgestrel vs split‐dose levonorgestrel | RR 0.67 [0.54, 0.82] | 1 study · 1118 participants | High |
Menses ‐ delay Single‐dose levonorgestrel vs split‐dose levonorgestrel | RR 1.18 [0.96, 1.46] | 2 studies · 3784 participants | Low Downgraded: imprecision, inconsistency |
Mid‐dose mifepristone (25 mg‐50 mg) versus low‐dose mifepristone (< 25 mg) for emergency contraception
Population: women seeking emergency contraception
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Observed number of pregnancies (all women) Mid‐dose mifepristone (25 mg‐50 mg) vs low‐dose mifepristone (< 25 mg) | RR 0.73 [0.55, 0.97] | 25 studies · 11914 participants | High |
Any side effect Mid‐dose mifepristone (25 mg‐50 mg) vs low‐dose mifepristone (< 25 mg) | RR 1.31 [1.01, 1.7] | 11 studies · 2464 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
Specific side effects ‐ nausea Mid‐dose mifepristone (25 mg‐50 mg) vs low‐dose mifepristone (< 25 mg) | RR 1.1 [0.97, 1.24] | 13 studies · 7948 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Specific side effects ‐ vomiting Mid‐dose mifepristone (25 mg‐50 mg) vs low‐dose mifepristone (< 25 mg) | RR 1.22 [0.68, 2.17] | 6 studies · 6082 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Specific side effects ‐ spotting/bleeding after treatment Mid‐dose mifepristone (25 mg‐50 mg) vs low‐dose mifepristone (< 25 mg) | RR 1.85 [1.55, 2.2] | 11 studies · 5078 participants | High |
Menses ‐ early Mid‐dose mifepristone (25 mg‐50 mg) vs low‐dose mifepristone (< 25 mg) | RR 1.09 [0.87, 1.36] | 7 studies · 2136 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Menses ‐ delay Mid‐dose mifepristone (25 mg‐50 mg) vs low‐dose mifepristone (< 25 mg) | RR 1.28 [1.11, 1.47] | 21 studies · 11282 participants | Moderate Downgraded: inconsistency |
Copper intrauterine device versus mifepristone (all doses) for emergency contraception
Population: women seeking emergency contraception
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Observed number of pregnancies (all women) Copper intrauterine device vs mifepristone (all doses) | RR 0.33 [0.04, 2.74] | 2 studies · 395 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Any side effect Copper intrauterine device vs mifepristone (all doses) | RR 0.06 [0, 0.99] | 1 study · 285 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Specific side effects ‐ nausea Copper intrauterine device vs mifepristone (all doses) | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Specific side effects ‐ vomiting Copper intrauterine device vs mifepristone (all doses) | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Specific side effects ‐ lower abdominal pain Copper intrauterine device vs mifepristone (all doses) | RR 73.61 [4.48, 1208.5] | 1 study · 285 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Specific side effects ‐ spotting/bleeding after treatment Copper intrauterine device vs mifepristone (all doses) | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Menses ‐ delay Copper intrauterine device vs mifepristone (all doses) | RR 0.23 [0.09, 0.64] | 1 study · 284 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Comparison
Population: [participants] with [health problem]
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Observed number of pregnancies [ | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |