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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

15 questions · 28 findings · 2 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 4 · 14.3%GRADE not reported 13 · 46.4%Very low 2 · 7.1%Low 2 · 7.1%Moderate 7 · 25%High 0 · 0%

Xylitol vs control

Final diagnosis of at least one episode of AOM · preventing acute otitis media in children up to 12 years of age

Xylitol probably leads to lower final diagnosis of at least one episode of AOM compared with control (moderate certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Xylitol vs control

Hospitalisation ‐ not reported · preventing acute otitis media in children up to 12 years of age
3 findings from 1 review

Xylitol vs control

Mortality ‐ not reported · preventing acute otitis media in children up to 12 years of age
3 findings from 1 review

Xylitol vs control

Number of days missed at school or daycare ‐ not measured · preventing acute otitis media in children up to 12 years of age
3 findings from 1 review

Xylitol vs control

Cost ‐ not measured · preventing acute otitis media in children up to 12 years of age
3 findings from 1 review

Xylitol vs control

Gastrointestinal adverse events · preventing acute otitis media in children up to 12 years of age

Xylitol showed no clear difference in gastrointestinal‐related adverse events compared with control (moderate certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Xylitol vs control

Antibiotic administration · preventing acute otitis media in children up to 12 years of age

Xylitol showed no clear difference in antibiotic administration compared with control (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review